A Review of the Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Brain Functions in Older Adults

Bherer, Louis; Erickson, Kirk I.; Liu-Ambrose, Teresa

doi:10.1155/2013/657508

Cited by 584 publications

(560 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

502

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Due to the extended life expectancy, age-related diseases have increased at an alarming rate in recent decades (52). Frailty is an increasingly recognized geriatric syndrome, in which the individual enters a state of vulnerability caused by the functional reduction of multiple systems (53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is an independent predictor of mortality, morbidity and institutionalization after surgery (54). Evidence indicates that physical exercise can be used in the treatment of fragility (53) and depression (55), as well as in the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases (52). The Pilates method appears to have positive effects on neuromotor ability, especially regarding the static and dynamic balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Pilates method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Joseph Pilates created an authentic method of physical and mental conditioning, which he called Contrology and de ined as the complete coordination of body, mind and spirit. Recent studies indicate that the Pilates Method is a useful tool in rehabilitation can improve overall health, sports performance and help in the prevention and attenuation of injuries and disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent and costly conditions that develop gradually, presenting a chronic course and often remain untreated. Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of the Pilates Method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders through a systematic review. Methods: An active search was performed in the PubMed, PEDro, Scielo and Bireme databases. A total of 24 studies were pre-selected and their methodological quality was evaluated based on the PEDro scale. Of these, 14 ful illed the selection criteria. Results: The studies analyzed indicate that Pilates can be effective both for the treatment of

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pilates method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Además de la dieta, se establece que la realización de actividad física en forma regular provoca un aumento del flujo sanguíneo, mejora la oxigenación y el aporte de glucosa a nivel cerebral, además de activar factores de crecimiento que promueven un aumento en la densidad capilar cerebral 3,35 . La estimulación de la actividad cerebral e intelectual a través de juegos, puzzles, crucigramas y el fomento de la lectura tendría también un rol favorecedor en la protección contra el desarrollo de EA 15 .…”

Section: Dieta Mediterránea Y Enfermedad De Alzheimerunclassified

“…El efecto antiinflamatorio observado en pacientes con alta adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se traduce en una disminución en marcadores inflamatorios a nivel plasmático como la proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCR us ), la cual aumenta en presencia de placas seniles y fibrillas 30,3) , y la IL-6 29 .…”

Section: Efecto Antiinflamatorio De La Dieta Mediterráneaunclassified

“…L a Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es la causa más común de demencia en los adultos mayores afectando a 11% de ellos, la incidencia aumenta con la edad 1 y en Chile la prevalencia de demencia en los mayores de 60 años es 10,4% según cifras de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010, ubicándose dentro de las 10 primeras causas de muerte de este grupo etario 2 , siendo un tema importante en salud pública, ya que el envejecimiento se relaciona con el desarrollo de deterioro cognitivo y sumado al aumento en la esperanza de vida poblacional, gatilla que patologías como la EA vayan en aumento 3 .…”

unclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dieta mediterránea y sus efectos benéficos en la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Role of Mediterranean diet on the prevention of Alzheimer diseaseL a Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es la causa más común de demencia en los adultos mayores afectando a 11% de ellos, la incidencia aumenta con la edad 1 y en Chile la prevalencia de demencia en los mayores de 60 años es 10,4% según cifras de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010, ubicándose dentro de las 10 primeras causas de muerte de este grupo etario 2 , siendo un tema importante en salud pública, ya que el envejecimiento se relaciona con el desarrollo de deterioro cognitivo y sumado al aumento en la esperanza de vida poblacional, gatilla que patologías como la EA vayan en aumento 3 .En lo que respecta a su etiopatogenia, se ha establecido que la pérdida neuronal y sináptica se debe a la aparición de placas neuríticas y ovillos neurofibrilares a nivel cerebral, siendo estos elementos patológicos quienes repercuten en el desarrollo de la enfermedad y la diferencian de otros tipos de demencia, como la de origen vascular 4 . Esta enfermedad cursa con deterioro cognitivo, sin embargo, este se caracteriza por comprometer solamente el estado cognitivo del paciente, sin ser un estado de gravedad tal que implique un diagnóstico de demencia o EA 5 .El desarrollo de placas neuríticas está ligado al depósito extraneuronal de oligómeros de péptido beta-amiloide (Ab), originado a partir de la proteína precursora de amiloide (amyloid precursor protein, APP) ubicada a nivel de la membrana citoplasmática, la cual normalmente durante su proteólisis por las secretasas a, b y g, produce sustancias proteicas no tóxicas, pero en los pacientes con EA, debido a la acción de la secretasa b y g, se desencadena en mayor cuantía la producción del péptido Ab que posee efecto citotóxico (Figura 1). La placa neurítica es una estructura esférica que contiene Ab rodeada por neuritas distróficas, proteoglicanos, Apoe 4 , antiquimiotripsina a 1 y otras proteínas 4,[6][7][8][9][10][11] .

show abstract

Association of Low Muscle Mass With Cognitive Function During a 3-Year Follow-up Among Adults Aged 65 to 86 Years in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCE Cross-sectional studies have shown that combined low muscle mass and strength are associated with cognitive impairment. Whether low muscle mass, reflective of physiologic reserve, is independently associated with faster cognitive decline remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between low muscle mass and cognitive decline in 3 distinct domains among adults aged at least 65 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging is a prospective population-based cohort study of community-dwelling adults. Enrollment occurred from 2011 to 2015 with a 3-year follow-up. Analyses for this study were conducted on those aged at least 65 years from April 24 to August 12, 2020. EXPOSURE Appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALM) was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Low ALM was identified using the sex-specific Canadian cut points. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Memory was assessed using the Rey auditory verbal learning test. Executive function was assessed using the mental alternation test, Stroop high interference (words/dot) test, the animal fluency test, and the controlled oral word association test. Psychomotor speed was assessed using computer-administered choice reaction time. Composite scores by domain were created. RESULTSOf 8279 participants, 4003 (48%) were female, 8005 (97%) were White, and the mean (SD) age was 72.9 (5.6) years. A total of 1605 participants (19.4%) had low ALM at baseline.Participants with low ALM were older, had lower body mass index and physical activity level. The presence of low ALM at baseline was associated with faster 3-year cognitive decline in executive functions and psychomotor speed from multiple linear regressions. After adjusting for covariates including age, level of education, percentage body fat, and handgrip strength, low ALM remained independently associated with executive function decline (standardized β: −0.032; P = .03) only.Low ALM was not associated with memory. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study found longitudinal associations between lowALM and cognition in aging. Identification of older adults with low muscle mass, a targetable modifiable factor, may help estimate those at risk for accelerated executive function decline. Further longer-term investigation of associations is warranted.

show abstract

A Review of the Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Brain Functions in Older Adults

Cited by 584 publications

References 78 publications

The Pilates method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review

The Pilates method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review

Dieta mediterránea y sus efectos benéficos en la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Association of Low Muscle Mass With Cognitive Function During a 3-Year Follow-up Among Adults Aged 65 to 86 Years in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About