A review of the environmental implications of in situ remediation by nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI): Behavior, transport and impacts on microbial communities

Lefèvre, Emilie; Bossa, Nathan; Wiesner, Mark R.; Gunsch, Claudia K.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.003

Cited by 334 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, the peaks for Cd 3d 5/2 in the XPS data collected on day 30 from new cultures and those collected on days 2 and 10 from 11-day old cultures were found at 404.8 eV ( Figure 3, Table S3) and assigned to Cd(OH) 2 . We previously showed that the pH of COMBO media (which contains no buffer) increases over time when C. reinhardtii cells are cultured in it.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Remediation of Cadmium Toxicity by Sulfidized Nano-Iron: The Importance of Organic Material

Stevenson

Adeleye

et al. 2017

ACS Nano

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Nanozerovalent iron (nZVI) is widely used for its ability to remove or degrade environmental contaminants. However, the effect of nZVI-pollutant complexes on organisms has not been tested. We demonstrate the ability of a sulfidized derivative of nZVI (FeSSi) to sorb cadmium (Cd) from aqueous media and alleviate Cd toxicity to a freshwater alga for 32 days. FeSSi particles removed over 80% of the aqueous Cd in the first hour and nearly the same concentration of free Cd remained unbound at the end of the experiment. We found that FeSSi particles with Cd sorbed onto them are an order of magnitude more toxic than FeSSi alone. Further, algal-produced organic material facilitates safer remediation of Cd by FeSSi by decreasing the toxicity of FeSSi itself. We developed a dynamic model to predict the maximum Cd concentration FeSSi can remediate without replacing Cd toxicity with its own. FeSSi can remediate four times as much Cd to phytoplankton populations when organic material is present compared to the absence of organic material. We demonstrate the effectiveness of FeSSi as an environmental remediator and the strength of our quantitative model of the mitigation of nanoparticle toxicity by algal-produced organic material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Remediation of Cadmium Toxicity by Sulfidized Nano-Iron: The Importance of Organic Material

Stevenson

Adeleye

et al. 2017

ACS Nano

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“…The Fe 0 in water was oxidized by O 2 , producing Fe 2+ , which can be subsequently oxidized to Fe 3+ and generate iron oxides. Therefore, much of the O 2 was consumed as result of iron corrosion, according to Eqns (1–3):

{Fe}^{0} + H_{2} normalO + 1 false/ 2 O_{2} \to {Fe}^{2 +} + 2 {OH}^{‐}

{Fe}^{2 +} + 1 false/ 2 H_{2} normalO + 1 false/ 4 O_{2} \to {Fe}^{3 +} + {OH}^{‐}

{Fe}^{3 +} + 3 H_{2} normalO \to normalFe {(normalOH)}_{3} + 3 H^{+}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sb(V) removal rate by mZVI was reduced by 6.6–16%. This was likely due to the absence of soluble Fe 2+ , which is normally produced by the anaerobic corrosion of Fe 0 , according to Eqn :

{Fe}^{0} + 2 H_{2} normalO \to {Fe}^{2 +} + H_{2} + 2 {OH}^{‐}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanistic analysis of the influence of iron‐oxidizing bacteria on antimony (V) removal from water by microscale zero‐valent iron

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Microscale zero‐valent iron (mZVI) is an efficient material for removing heavy metals from water, and iron‐oxidizing bacteria are the primary microorganisms responsible for iron corrosion. We investigated the effects of Sphaerotilus natans on antimony [Sb(V)] removal by mZVI using batch experiments. RESULTS At an initial Fe0 dose of 0.1 g L–1, 40 mg L–1 Sb(V) was almost completely removed in an abiotic system. Although S. natans exhibited significant tolerance to Sb(V), its ability to adsorb Sb(V) was poor. Most importantly, the presence of S. natans reduced the removal rate of aqueous Sb(V) by mZVI by up to 39%. The value of the redox potential in the biologically mediated system was lower than that in the abiotic control, indicating oxygen consumption by S. natans. In the presence of S. natans, the main reaction products were FeOOH and FeSb2O6, compared to Fe2O3 in the abiotic system. Biomineralization of Fe3+ ions by S. natans may have occurred during the experiment, but it did not play a significant role in Sb(V) removal. CONCLUSION mZVI can be efficiently used to remove Sb(V) from water. However, the presence of S. natans may inhibit its removal ability, likely due to the decreased mass transfer and lower corrosion of iron. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Interestingly, field and laboratory bench‐scale observations indicate that nZVI use is synergistic and stimulatory for in situ anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated solvents by dehalorespiration. While nZVI has been shown to be inhibitory to micro‐organisms (Lefevre, Bossa, Wiesner, & Gunsch, ), laboratory studies have also found that nZVI application does not appear to be inhibitory to (and may even be stimulatory for) biological reductive dechlorination associated with water‐derived cathodic H 2 production during its anaerobic corrosion (Comba, Di Molfetta, & Sethi, ; Kirschling, Gregory, Minkley, Lowry, & Tilton, ; Xiu et al., ). Kuang, Zhou, Chen, Megharaj, and Naidu () found corroborating results supporting this theory, demonstrating that both nZVI and Ni/Fe composite NPs increased the biodegradation of phenol by Bacillus fusiformis at pH 6 and 8; nZVI was also demonstrated to increase biodegradation at low pH (pH 3).…”

Section: Risk‐benefit Appraisal For Nanorem Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NPs are able to migrate farther in soil and groundwater compared with micro‐scale ZVI, which is essentially immobile (Lefèvre, ; Müller, ).…”

Section: Benchmarking and Technologies Cross‐comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of nanoremediation and its potential for future deployment: Risk‐benefit and benchmarking appraisals

Bardos¹,

Merly²,

Kvapil

et al. 2018

Remediation Journal

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NanoRem (Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment) was a research project, funded through the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme, which focuses on facilitating practical, safe, economic, and exploitable nanotechnology for in situ remediation of polluted soil and groundwater, which closed in January 2017. This article describes the status of the nanoremediation implementation and future opportunities for deployment based on risk‐benefit appraisal and benchmarking undertaken in the NanoRem Project. As of November 2016, NanoRem identified 100 deployments of nanoremediation in the field. While the majority of these are pilot‐scale deployments, there are a number of large scale deployments over the last five to 10 years. Most applications have been for plume control (i.e., pathway management in groundwater), but a number of source control measures appear to have taken place. Nanoremediation has been most frequently applied to problems of chlorinated solvents and metals (such as chromium VI). The perception of risk‐benefit balance for nanoremediation has shifted as the NanoRem Project has proceeded. Niche benefits are now more strongly recognized, and some (if not most) of the concerns, for example, relating to environmental risks of nanoremediation deployment, prevalent when the project was proposed and initiated, have been addressed. Indeed, these now appear overstated. However, it appears to remain the case that in some jurisdictions the use of nanoparticles remains less attractive owing to regulatory concerns and/or a lack of awareness, meaning that regulators may demand additional verification measures compared to technologies with which they have a greater level of comfort.

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A review of the environmental implications of in situ remediation by nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI): Behavior, transport and impacts on microbial communities

Cited by 334 publications

References 99 publications

Remediation of Cadmium Toxicity by Sulfidized Nano-Iron: The Importance of Organic Material

Remediation of Cadmium Toxicity by Sulfidized Nano-Iron: The Importance of Organic Material

A mechanistic analysis of the influence of iron‐oxidizing bacteria on antimony (V) removal from water by microscale zero‐valent iron

Status of nanoremediation and its potential for future deployment: Risk‐benefit and benchmarking appraisals

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