A Review of the Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Sheep and Goats in Ghana

Blackie, Seth

doi:10.5539/jas.v6n4p109

Cited by 14 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This confirms prior reports on the occurrence of GI helminth parasites in ruminants in Sudan [12,19,[23][24][25][26]. Generally, there are many associated risk factors that influence the prevalence of GI helminth infections in ruminants, including age, sex, weather conditions and husbandry or management practices [27][28][29][30]. Moreover, the prevalence of an infectious disease in animals is dependent on further factors, including types of food and water, hygienic conditions, locations of pens, administration of drugs, and level of education and economic capacity of the farmers [29,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of ruminants slaughtered in Shendi abattoir, River Nile State, Sudan

Sulieman¹,

Ibrahim²,

Eltayeb³

et al. 2017

JCLM

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The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Objective: To evaluate the situation regarding gastrointestinal helminth parasites in ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) slaughtered in the abattoir of Shendi, River Nile State, Sudan. Methods: From September 2015 to October 2016, a total of 687 fecal samples were collected and analyzed by flotation and sedimentation techniques. Results: A total of 411 ruminants examined were positive with one or more helminths, giving 59.8% overall prevalence with intensity of 548.23 eggs per gram feces. A total of 12 gastrointestinal helminth parasite genera were identified, including 2 trematodes (Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp.); 7 nematodes (Haemonchus spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichostrongylus sp., Ostertagia sp., Ascaris spp., Nematodirus spp., and Dictyocaulus sp.); and 3 cestodes (Moniezia sp., Taenia spp., and Dipylidium sp.). Prevalence of Taenia spp. infection was the highest, whereas Trichostrongylus sp. and Dictyocaulus sp. infections had the lowest prevalences. Adult ruminants had higher infection prevalence than the younger ones, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). On the other hand, male ruminants had significantly higher infection prevalence than the females (P < 0.05). Helminth prevalence was significantly higher during the rainy season than the dry season. The highest mean egg outputs were recorded for the young and the female ruminants. Likewise, the mean egg output of helminth was higher during the dry than the rainy season, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results encourage implementation of effective preventive and control measures directed against the parasites of ruminants throughout the country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of ruminants slaughtered in Shendi abattoir, River Nile State, Sudan

Sulieman¹,

Ibrahim²,

Eltayeb³

et al. 2017

JCLM

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“…Trichostrongylus spp. infection, in last one decade, was reported from Pakistan (Farooq et al, 2012;Raza et al, 2014), Sudan (Almanaik et al, 2008, Ethiopia Dagnachew et al, 2011), India (Swarnkar and Singh, 2012;Singh et al, 2013;Brahma et al, 2015), Nigeria (Okoye et al, 2013, Botswana (Sharma and Busang, 2013), Cameroon (Ntonifor et al, 2013), Ghana (Blackie 2014).…”

Section: Trichostrongylus Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In last 10 years, Haemonchus spp. infection has been reported from Gambia (Asaolu et al, 2012), Srilanka (Kandasami et al, 2013), Sudan (Almalaik et al, 2008), India (Sharma et al 2009;Sutar et al, 2010;Mandal et al, 2011;Swarankar and Singh 2012;Singh et al, 2013;Singh et al, 2015;Brahma e al., 2015;Bihaqi et al, 2017), Nepal (Karki et al, 2012, Iran (Naem and Gorgani, 2011), Bangladesh (Hossain et al, 2015), Iraq (Mohammedameen, 2016), Nigeria (Okoye et al, 2013;Owhoeli et al, 2014;Soloman-Wisdom et al, 2014;Odeniran, et al, 2016), Ethiopia ), Cameroon (Ntonifer et al, 2013, Ghana (Blackie 2014;Futagbi 2015). Prevalence of Haemonchus infection described time to time varied in different places and species.…”

Section: Nematode Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sheep the prevalence varied 14.7 to 83.6 (Almalaik et al, 2008;Aragaw and Gebreegziabher, 2014;Swarnkar and Singh, 2012;Ntonifer et al, 2013;Lone et al, 2012;Farooq et al, 2012;Ibrahim et al, 2014). Trichostrongylus genus has been reported among the commonest of the GIT nematode infections in Ethiopia and Bangladesh along with Haemonchus, Nematodirus and Oesophagostomum Blackie, 2014). Farooq et al (2012) described it as the 2 nd most important parasites from Pakistan.…”

Section: Trichostrongylus Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal Helminthic Challenges in Sheep and Goats in Afro-Asian Region: A Review

Sharma¹

2020

JAR

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Sheep and goats, being hardy and prolific in their growth, play a crucial role in cultural and socioeconomic life of rural poor under privileged people in Afro-Asian countries by providing meat, milk, wool and hide to them. Gastrointestinal helminthic infections are worldwide problem in ruminants. They results considerable loss in them causing mortality and poor production. Various helminthes types like trematodes, cestodes and nematodes are prevalent in different climates and geographical regions depending on rearing systems, intermediate host's availability and management practices. Epidemiology of helminthic diseases, though variable at times, is determined by various factors like treatment, climate and poverty (socio-economic and traditional practices). The study oversees gastrointestinal helminthic challenges in goats and sheep faced in Afro-Asian region in last decade. Methodology involves exhaustive exercise of screening and massive literature hunt which included published research, both abstracts and full length papers on the subject in last 10 years in addition to authors own observations. The diseases like Fasciolosis, Dicrocoelosis, Amphistomosis in trematodes, Monieziosis, Avitellinosis in cestodes and Haemonchosis, Trichostronglylosis, Oesophagostomosis, Trichuriosis, Strongyloidosis in nematodes were still serious challenges in the region threatening the small ruminant production. Frequent reports on Marshallgia, Ostertagia, Nematodirus, Stilesia, Thysaniezia spp. from this region showed emerging threats. Infections like Camelostrongylus, Graphidiops, Parabronema and Skrjabinema spp. were scarcely distributed. The paper reviews scientific work and developments of last 10 years on occurrence, distribution and epidemiology of common gastrointestinal helminthic infections of sheep and goats in Afro-Asian region with future research prospective in light of newer scientific approaches.

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“…This exposes young animals to high numbers of worm infections than the adult animals. This phenomenon was also observed by [2]. This implies that young animals need a more stringent management regime against these GINs compared to adults.…”

Section: Effect Of Breed Age Group and District On Fecal Egg Countmentioning

confidence: 61%

Efficacy of Commercially Available Anthelmintics in Controlling Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Goats Managed Under Natural Conditions in the South Western Highlands of Uganda

Kirungi Benda

2015

AJCEM

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Goat production is of great importance especially to the rural farmers in Uganda, serving a number of socioeconomic functions. Among the limitations of goat production in Uganda are Gastro Intestinal Nematodes (GINs). These are usually controlled using commercial Anthelmintic compounds. Due to continual improper usage of these drugs by the farmers, evolution of resistant strains has resulted thus affecting their effectiveness in controlling the GINs. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of four commercially available anthelmintics used for controlling Gastro Intestinal Nematodes (GINs) in goats on natural pastures in the south western highlands of Uganda. A mini survey was conducted prior to the current study to get information about the most commonly used anthelmintics in the study area. Initially, 240 goats were enrolled into the study and, 210 were used in the final analysis. The goats were randomly allocated to 5 different treatment groups at district level namely; untreated controls (CTRL), Albendazole 10% (ABZ), Ivermectin (IVE), Levamisole (LEV) and Closantel (CL). Faecal and blood samples were collected from each animal at 0, 14, 28 and 42 days post-treatment respectively and analysed for faecal egg counts (FEC) using the modified McMaster method. The percentage reduction, FECR % was calculated from the arithmetic mean and difference in FEC between breeds, district and age were assessed by univariate analysis of variance in SPSS. Results at day zero indicated that age and district had significant effect on FEC (P-value= 0.001 and 0.035respectively) while breed had no significant effect (P-value=0.465). At 14 days post-treatment, district, breed and treatment had significant effects on FEC (P-value=0.00, 0.02 and 0.05 respectively) while age was not (P=0.931). Albendazole and Levamizol were the most used drugs in the study area while Closantel and Ivermectin were the least used. Drug efficacy varied between districts, with the highest mean Fecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR) achieved with Closantel (FECR%=100%), while the lowest mean FECR observed with Albendazole (FECR%=49%) in Rukungiri and Kisoro districts respectively. Ivermectin was effective in all the four districts (FECRT% > 95%). Our study confirmed presence of Anthelmintic resistance (AR) by GIN in goats in the south western highlands of Uganda. Closantel is highly effective against GINs, but albendazole is not due to its wide spread usage. Further research is necessary to find and validate alternative strategies for the control of GINs in goats.

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A Review of the Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Sheep and Goats in Ghana

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of ruminants slaughtered in Shendi abattoir, River Nile State, Sudan

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of ruminants slaughtered in Shendi abattoir, River Nile State, Sudan

Gastrointestinal Helminthic Challenges in Sheep and Goats in Afro-Asian Region: A Review

Efficacy of Commercially Available Anthelmintics in Controlling Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Goats Managed Under Natural Conditions in the South Western Highlands of Uganda

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