“… 5 Geniposide is one such naturally active ingredient derived from the fruits of Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis (GJE, popularly called Zhizi in China) and has traditionally been commonly used for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicine. 6 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 7 It is easily dissolved in water, soluble in ethanol, and undissolved in petroleum ether. 6 Figure 1 Chemical structure of geniposide. …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 Geniposide is one such naturally active ingredient derived from the fruits of Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis (GJE, popularly called Zhizi in China) and has traditionally been commonly used for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicine. 6 There is an increasing number of pharmacological evidence proving that geniposide exerts various biological activities, including neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant-like, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, antithrombotic, and anti-tumoral effects. [7][8][9][10][11] The anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties of geniposide were reviewed before.…”
Geniposide is a naturally sourced active ingredient that has diverse pharmacological effects and great potential in improving or treating different kinds of diseases. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that geniposide can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, which is an increasingly prevalent health problem causing various metabolic diseases globally. Our review aims to summarize basic information on the pharmacological effects of geniposide on glucolipid metabolism. Geniposide increases glucose utilization and insulin production, protects pancreatic islet β cells, inhibits insulin resistance and hepatic glucose production, and suppresses gluconeogenesis. While in the aspect of lipid metabolism, geniposide can promote lipolysis, inhibit lipogenesis, and regulate lipid transport. Geniposide ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolic disorders, improving the entire glycolipid metabolism network in a three-dimensional manner at the level of molecular mechanism. Growing evidence revealed that geniposide may serve as an effective drug to combat metabolic diseases for the time to come.
“… 5 Geniposide is one such naturally active ingredient derived from the fruits of Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis (GJE, popularly called Zhizi in China) and has traditionally been commonly used for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicine. 6 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 7 It is easily dissolved in water, soluble in ethanol, and undissolved in petroleum ether. 6 Figure 1 Chemical structure of geniposide. …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 Geniposide is one such naturally active ingredient derived from the fruits of Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis (GJE, popularly called Zhizi in China) and has traditionally been commonly used for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicine. 6 There is an increasing number of pharmacological evidence proving that geniposide exerts various biological activities, including neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant-like, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, antithrombotic, and anti-tumoral effects. [7][8][9][10][11] The anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties of geniposide were reviewed before.…”
Geniposide is a naturally sourced active ingredient that has diverse pharmacological effects and great potential in improving or treating different kinds of diseases. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that geniposide can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, which is an increasingly prevalent health problem causing various metabolic diseases globally. Our review aims to summarize basic information on the pharmacological effects of geniposide on glucolipid metabolism. Geniposide increases glucose utilization and insulin production, protects pancreatic islet β cells, inhibits insulin resistance and hepatic glucose production, and suppresses gluconeogenesis. While in the aspect of lipid metabolism, geniposide can promote lipolysis, inhibit lipogenesis, and regulate lipid transport. Geniposide ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolic disorders, improving the entire glycolipid metabolism network in a three-dimensional manner at the level of molecular mechanism. Growing evidence revealed that geniposide may serve as an effective drug to combat metabolic diseases for the time to come.
“… 10 A chemical investigation suggested that GF contained iridoid glycosides, diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, and other chemical components. 11 Network pharmacology emerged as a new field that integrated chemistry, pharmacology, bioinformatics, and genomics to construct a model based on as system-level network analysis and shed new light on the complicated mechanisms of TCM. 12 Molecular docking, an increasingly important tool for structural molecular biology, is widely used to identify the binding modes of mechanisms between small molecules and target proteins.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It had been also used for the treatment of acute or chronic hepatic diseases, icteric hepatitis, diabetes, depression, viruses, cancer, and ischemic stroke . A chemical investigation suggested that GF contained iridoid glycosides, diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, and other chemical components . Network pharmacology emerged as a new field that integrated chemistry, pharmacology, bioinformatics, and genomics to construct a model based on as system-level network analysis and shed new light on the complicated mechanisms of TCM .…”
Gardeniae fructus (GF), the fruit from
Gardenia
jasminoides
Ellis, is a traditional Chinese medicine used
for the treatment
of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the clinic. To explore
the hepatoprotective mechanism of GF for the treatment of NAFLD, we
proposed a novel strategy that integrated
in vivo
efficacy evaluation, network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking,
and experimental validation. A NAFLD animal model induced by high
fat diet (HFD) feed was established, then orally administrated with
or without GF. The results showed that GF significantly decreased
the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), lipoprotein cholesterol,
triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase,
lactate dehydrogenase, free fatty acids, glucose, and insulin and
the levels of liver TG, TC, and malondialdehyde compared with the
nontreated HFD group. Network pharmacology studies showed that quercetin,
oleanolic acid, kaempferol, and geniposide were the main biocompounds
in GF that targeted the PPARα and PPARγ genes through
regulating the PPAR and AMPK signal pathways to protect against NAFLD.
The interactions between bioactive compounds and their corresponding
target proteins were analyzed by molecular docking and subsequently
confirmed using the qRT-PCR assay. Collectively, GF was a therapeutic
drug for the treatment of NAFLD.
IntroductionFructus Gardeniae (ZZ), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used in treating patients with jaundice, inflammation, etc. When mixed with ginger juice and stir‐baked, ginger juice‐processed Fructus Gardeniae (JZZ) is produced, and the chemical compositions in ZZ would be changed by adding the ginger juice.ObjectiveTo illuminate the differential components between ZZ and JZZ.MethodsHPLC, UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, and Heracles NEO ultra‐fast gas phase electronic nose were applied to identify the differential components between ZZ and JZZ.ResultsHPLC fingerprints of ZZ and JZZ were established, and 24 common peaks were found. The content determination results showed that the contents of shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin‐1‐β‐D‐gentiobioside and geniposide increased, while the contents of crocin I and crocin II decreased in JZZ. By UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, twenty‐six possible common components were inferred, among which 11 components were different. In further investigation, eight components were identified as the possible distinctive non‐volatile compounds between ZZ and JZZ. By Heracles NEO ultra‐fast gas phase electronic nose, four substances were inferred as the possible distinctive volatile compounds in JZZ.ConclusionShanzhiside, caffeic acid, genipin‐1‐β‐D‐gentiobioside, geniposide, rutin, crocin I, crocin II, and 4‐Sinapoyl‐5‐caffeoylquinic acid were identified as the possible differential non‐volatile components between ZZ and JZZ. Aniline, 3‐methyl‐3‐sulfanylbutanol‐1‐ol, E‐3‐octen‐2‐one, and decyl propaonate were inferred as the possible distinctive volatile compounds in JZZ. This experiment explored a simple approach with objective and stable results, which would provide new ideas for studying decoction pieces with similar morphological appearance, especially those with different odors.
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