A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the Clade<i>Pan-Carettochelys</i>

Joyce, Walter G.

doi:10.3374/014.055.0102

Cited by 35 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…Carettochelyids ( Allaeochelys ), geoemydids, testudinids, and trionychids invaded Europe [31, 46] and India [87, 125, 126] from Asia during the Eocene. Although it is not clear if they dispersed from Asia or from Europe, testudinids arrived in Africa during the Eocene [127] and carettochelyids, geoemydids, and trionychids followed in the Miocene [66] (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9) among morphological phylogenies and that is explicitly justified throughout the main body of the text. We then establish biogeographic patterns among turtles by explicit reference to the following literature: Pan-Chelidae [53, 68, 137]; Pan-Pelomedusoides ([59, 60, 68], with additions from [61, 62, 69, 138], and figured material present in [66]); Paracryptodira ([46, 76, 79], with additions from [77, 81, 139, 140]); Pan-Cryptodira/Cryptodira ([16, 46, 84, 85, 87, 141], with additions from [86, 107]); Meiolaniformes ([5, 68]; with additions from [26, 41, 43, 98, 99]); Helochelydridae [100]; and Sichuanchelyidae [16, 102]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTurtles (Testudinata) are a successful lineage of vertebrates with about 350 extant species that inhabit all major oceans and landmasses with tropical to temperate climates. The rich fossil record of turtles documents the adaptation of various sub-lineages to a broad range of habitat preferences, but a synthetic biogeographic model is still lacking for the group.ResultsWe herein describe a new species of fossil turtle from the Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, Sichuanchelys palatodentata sp. nov., that is highly unusual by plesiomorphically exhibiting palatal teeth. Phylogenetic analysis places the Late Jurassic Sichuanchelys palatodentata in a clade with the Late Cretaceous Mongolochelys efremovi outside crown group Testudines thereby establishing the prolonged presence of a previously unrecognized clade of turtles in Asia, herein named Sichuanchelyidae. In contrast to previous hypotheses, M. efremovi and Kallokibotion bajazidi are not found within Meiolaniformes, a clade that is here reinterpreted as being restricted to Gondwana.ConclusionsA revision of the global distribution of fossil and recent turtle reveals that the three primary lineages of derived, aquatic turtles, including the crown, Paracryptodira, Pan-Pleurodira, and Pan-Cryptodira can be traced back to the Middle Jurassic of Euramerica, Gondwana, and Asia, respectively, which resulted from the primary break up of Pangaea at that time. The two primary lineages of Pleurodira, Pan-Pelomedusoides and Pan-Chelidae, can similarly be traced back to the Cretaceous of northern and southern Gondwana, respectively, which were separated from one another by a large desert zone during that time. The primary divergence of crown turtles was therefore driven by vicariance to the primary freshwater aquatic habitat of these lineages. The temporally persistent lineages of basal turtles, Helochelydridae, Meiolaniformes, Sichuanchelyidae, can similarly be traced back to the Late Mesozoic of Euramerica, southern Gondwana, and Asia. Given the ambiguous phylogenetic relationships of these three lineages, it is unclear if their diversification was driven by vicariance as well, or if they display a vicariance-like pattern. The clean, primary signal apparent among early turtles is secondarily obliterated throughout the Late Cretaceous to Recent by extensive dispersal of continental turtles and by multiple invasions of marine habitats.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0762-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles

et al. 2016

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“…In Europe, warmer temperatures appear to have facilitated more dispersals of pleurodires from Gondwana via Africa (Pérez‐García ). Carettochelyids (a clade of soft‐shelled turtles), which were endemic to Asia during the Cretaceous (but are restricted to Australasia today), appeared in Europe and North America in the Ypresian (Joyce ). North American assemblages continued to include high turtle richness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the patterns of non‐marine turtle richness from the Triassic to the Palaeogene: from origin to global spread

et al. 2020

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Turtles are key components of modern vertebrate faunas and their diversity and distributions are likely to be affected by anthropogenic climate change. However, there is limited baseline data on turtle taxonomic richness through time or assessment of their past responses to global environmental change. We used the extensive Triassic–Palaeogene (252–223 Ma) fossil record of terrestrial and freshwater turtles to investigate diversity patterns, finding substantial variation in richness through time and between continents. Globally, turtle richness was low from their Triassic origin until the Late Jurassic. There is strong evidence for high richness in the earliest Cretaceous of Europe, becoming especially high following the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum and declining in all continents by the end‐Cretaceous. At the K–Pg boundary, South American richness levels changed little while North American richness increased, becoming very high during the earliest Palaeogene (Danian). Informative data are lacking elsewhere for this time period. However, the Selandian–Thanetian interval, approximately 5 myr after the K–Pg mass extinction, shows low turtle richness in Asia, Europe and South America, suggesting that the occurrence of exceptional turtle richness in the post‐extinction Paleocene fauna of North America is not globally representative. Richness decreased over the Eocene–Oligocene boundary in North America but increased to its greatest known level for Europe, implying very different responses to dramatic climatic shifts. Time series regressions suggest number of formations sampled and palaeotemperature are the primary influencers of face‐value richness counts, but additional factors not tested here may also be involved.

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“…With a fossil record that extends from the early Cretaceous to present, Pan-Trionychidae is represented by at least 300 fossil and extant species, and has a geographical distribution that has principally been restricted to the northern continents (Laurasia) (Meylan, 1987; Danilov & Vitek, 2013; Joyce et al, 2013; Crawford et al, 2015; Vitek & Joyce, 2015). Trionychians are represented by two major clades (Pan- Carettochelys and Pan-Trionychidae) (Joyce, 2014; Vitek & Joyce, 2015). Pan-Trionychidae (pan-trionychids) includes most of the iconic soft-shell turtles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoamyda messeliananov. comb. (Testudines, Pan-Trionychidae) from the Eocene Messel Pit and Geiseltal localities, Germany, taxonomic and phylogenetic insights

Cadena

2016

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BackgroundAbundant pan-trionychid (soft-shell) turtles specimens have been found in Eocene sequences of central Europe, particularly from two localities in Germany, the Messel Pit (a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site) and Geiseltal, traditionally attributed to Trionyx messelianus or Rafetoides austriacus. Over the last two decades new specimens of this taxon from these two localities have been discovered and fully prepared. However, they have remained unstudied, as well as their phylogenetic position inside Pan-Trionychidae is unknown.ResultsFive new specimens of Palaeoamyda messeliana nov. comb. from Messel Pit and Geiseltal localities are fully described here. A revised diagnosis for the species is also presented here, together with its inclusion in a phylogenetic analysis of Pan-Trionychidae that shows that this species is sister to the extant Amyda cartilaginea, one of the most abundant pan-trionychid (soft-shell) turtles from Asia, both members of the clade Chitrini. The specimens described in here are among the best and most complete fossil pan-trionychid skeletons so far known.

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A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the CladePan-Carettochelys

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles

A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles

Tracing the patterns of non‐marine turtle richness from the Triassic to the Palaeogene: from origin to global spread

Palaeoamyda messeliananov. comb. (Testudines, Pan-Trionychidae) from the Eocene Messel Pit and Geiseltal localities, Germany, taxonomic and phylogenetic insights

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