A review of the fundamental studies of the copper activation mechanisms for selective flotation of the sulfide minerals, sphalerite and pyrite

Chandra, Anand P.; Gerson, Andrea R.

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2008.09.001

Cited by 311 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…However, the presence of dissolved Cu ions also promotes pyrite flotation through Cu adsorption on their surface (i.e. copper activation of pyrite (Von Oertzen et al, 2007;Chandra and Gerson, 2009;Lascelles and Finch, 2002), adversely affecting the selectivity of chalcopyrite flotation against pyrite and decreasing the copper concentrate grade. Further oxidation leads to precipitation of a higher quantity of iron hydroxides (in alkaline conditions) covering the metal deficient sulphur rich surface, decreasing the flotation response of the sulphide minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative weathering of a copper sulphide ore and its influence on pulp chemistry and flotation

Jacques

Greet²,

Bastin

2016

Minerals Engineering

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a b s t r a c tThe influence of grinding chemistry on the flotation behaviour of sulphides minerals has been widely studied. However, its influence on partially oxidised sulphide ores is not well documented. Various oxidation events can affect a sulphide ore, either during in situ weathering of an ore body or during the different extraction and processing stages (mining operations, stockpiling, crushing, milling and flotation). In this study, a hypogene copper sulphide ore was artificially oxidised to various lengths of time by percolating a small quantity of acidic ferric sulphate solution inoculated with a mixed bacterial culture through packed columns. For each time interval a series of grinding-flotation tests using different grinding media alloys was completed. The grinding and flotation chemistry were compared and linked to the flotation behaviour of the ore samples.The results reveal that as oxidation progressed the copper metallurgy deteriorated. However, the deleterious effects of oxidation could be partially overcome through the application of the right grinding chemistry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative weathering of a copper sulphide ore and its influence on pulp chemistry and flotation

Jacques

Greet²,

Bastin

2016

Minerals Engineering

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“…As the rest potential of galena (0.40 V SHE) is less than that of either pyrite (0.66 V SHE) or sphalerite (0.46 V SHE) (Majima, 1969), galena when in galvanic contact with these minerals will tend to oxidise preferentially (Peng et al, 2003;Chandra and Gerson, 2009;Payant et al, 2012;Rao and Finch, 1988;Kwong et al, 2003). Oxidation of the anodic mineral is frequently accompanied by the dissolution and re-adsorption of its metal ion(s) onto the original mineral and the surface of other minerals (Cullinan et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of iron sulfide on lead recovery at the giant Navan Zn–Pb orebody, Ireland

Barker

Gerson

Menuge

2014

International Journal of Mineral Processing

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It has been proposed that blending of Navan Conglomerate Group Ore (CGO) with Pale Beds Ore (PBO), the latter which floats well in isolation, results in suboptimal Pb recovery with increased abundance of pyrite reporting to the concentrate and increased abundance of galena reporting to the tails. and is likely present due to entrainment. The presence of framboidal pyrite in CGO is of particular significance as its large surface area increases the rate of galvanic interaction with other metal sulfide minerals. We propose that increased abundance of refractory framboidal pyrite in CGO is the critical factor affecting the performance of the Navan Pb flotation circuit rather than purely high pyrite abundance.3

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“…En la figura 3 se presentan los resultados de la activación de esfalerita en función de la concentración de Cu 2+ a pH 5,4 y dos diferentes tiempo de acondicionamiento, en la cual se observa que el ángulo de contacto aumenta con la concentración de Cu(II), debido a la formación de especies hidrofóbicas en la superficie mineral (e.g., azufre elemental, sulfuro rico en azufre o bien un polisulfuro), de acuerdo al mecanismo de activación descrito por la ecuación (5) [7] , donde, además del intercambio de iones, la adsorción e incorporación de Cu(II) en la red cristalina de la esfalerita provoca una reacción de oxidación-reducción en la que el Cu(II) oxida al sulfuro del mineral, reduciéndose a Cu(I) , dando como productos finales a la covelita (CuS), la calcocita (Cu 2 S) y azufre elemental, de naturaleza hidrofóbica; la proporción de estas especies en la superficie mineral dependerá del tiempo de reacción.…”

Section: Activación De Esfalerita Con Cu 2+ (Intercambio Iónico)unclassified

“…Estos resultados evidencian que la cinética de reacción entre el Cu(OH) 2 y la esfalerita es lenta debido a las bajas actividades de las especies de Cu(II) en solución, principalmente Cu 2+ y CuOH + , quienes son finalmente las que se adsorben sobre la superficie del mineral y sustituyen al Zn 2+ , que es entonces liberado lentamente de la red cristalina, permaneciendo sobre la superficie del mineral en forma de hidróxido. Este mecanismo fue propuesto por Prestidge y col. [8] y reportado por Chandra y Gerson [7] , y ocurre de acuerdo a las siguientes reacciones:…”

Section: Figure 2 Species Distribution Diagram Of the Cu-h 2 O Systeunclassified

Estudio de los mecanismos de activación de la esfalerita con Cu(II) y Pb(II)

Dávila-Pulido

Salas

2011

REVMETAL

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ResumenEste artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre la activación de esfalerita (ZnS) con Cu(II) y Pb(II), cuyo objetivo principal consistió en investigar los mecanismos de activación y en evaluar la magnitud relativa de la hidrofobización alcanzada con ambas especies químicas. La hidrofobicidad que la superficie mineral adquiere como resultado de la interacción con los activadores y colectores tipo xantato (ditiocarbonatos alquílicos, R-O-CS 2 -), se caracteriza mediante la técnica del ángulo de contacto. Los resultados muestran que el Cu(II) es intercambiado por el Zn de las capas exteriores del cristal, promoviendo la oxidación de sulfuro (S 2-) para producir una mezcla de CuS, Cu 2 S y S°, de naturaleza hidrofóbica. La interacción posterior con el xantato, hace que la hidrofobicidad de la superficie se incremente. Por su parte, la activación con Pb(II) se debe a la formación de una capa de PbS, la cual reacciona espontáneamente con el xantato para producir especies hidrofóbicas (e.g., PbX 2 ). Se observa que la hidrofobización de la esfalerita acondicionada con Pb(II) se favorece en atmósferas de aire, en comparación con la obtenida en atmósfe-ras de nitrógeno. Se concluye que la hidrofobización alcanzada de manera inadvertida con el Pb(II), puede llegar a ser del mismo orden de magnitud que la hidrofobización inducida deliberadamente mediante la activación con cobre. Palabras claveEsfalerita; Activación con Cu; Activación con Pb; Flotación; Angulo de contacto. Contact angle study on the activation mechanisms of sphalerite with Cu(II) and Pb(II) AbstractThis article presents results of an experimental study on the sphalerite activation with Cu(II) and Pb(II), whose main objective was to investigate the activation mechanisms and to evaluate the magnitude of the hydrophobization achieved with both chemical species. The hydrophobicity acquired by the mineral due to the interaction with the activator and collector (sodium isopropyl xanthate) is characterized making use of the contact angle technique. The results show that Cu(II) replaces the Zn of the external layers of the mineral, promoting the sulfide (S 2-) oxidation to produce a mixture of CuS, Cu 2 S and S°, of hydrophobic nature. The subsequent interaction with xanthate increases the hydrophobicity of the mineral surface. In turn, Pb(II) activation of sphalerite is due to the formation of a PbS layer that reacts with xanthate to produce hydrophobic species (e.g., PbX 2 ). It is also observed that the hydrophobicity of sphalerite activated with Pb(II) is favored under air atmospheres, as compared to that obtained under nitrogen atmospheres. It is concluded that the hydrophobicity achieved by lead activation may be of the same order of magnitude to that deliverately induced by copper activation.

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A review of the fundamental studies of the copper activation mechanisms for selective flotation of the sulfide minerals, sphalerite and pyrite

Cited by 311 publications

References 68 publications

Oxidative weathering of a copper sulphide ore and its influence on pulp chemistry and flotation

Oxidative weathering of a copper sulphide ore and its influence on pulp chemistry and flotation

The impact of iron sulfide on lead recovery at the giant Navan Zn–Pb orebody, Ireland

Estudio de los mecanismos de activación de la esfalerita con Cu(II) y Pb(II)

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