A review of the green tides in the Yellow Sea, China

Liu, Xiangqing; Wang, Zongling; Zhang, Xuelei

doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.06.004

Cited by 91 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The stranding of masses of algae has become an annual event to be suffered locally, and press coverage has continued 3 . The algae involved have been identified 4 , 5 , and the processes underlying the annual blooms described 6 , 7 . Propagules of Ulva prolifera , the main species involved, first grow near-shore, attached on maricultural rafts, which are dislodged during harvest and cleaning activities in spring, and the fragments become propagules that are then free to float offshore and grow across a large portion of the Yellow Sea (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have attracted their share of attention because of the cost of dealing with the annual green tides, the nuisance aspects on shore, disruption to mariculture, and because of scientific interest in the unusual phenomenon 10 . There have been many recent publications 6 , 7 , with much of the focus on the causes and controls of green tides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations of ammonium and nitrate discharged by rivers into the Yellow Sea are quite high (Table 1 ). Even in the open Yellow Sea, concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen are 10–80 µM near the coast, and 0.7–5.8 µM offshore 7 . Other reports confirm that concentration of coastal dissolved inorganic nitrogen range 7.4–95 µM 18 and 1–15 µM offshore 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature 7 , 19 , 25 , 29 – 34 reflects broad agreement that, in general, in the Yellow Sea and its watersheds, human activities have increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition, that applications of agricultural fertiliser are excessive (more than half of the added fertiliser nitrogen is not used by crops, and is released into the environment), that rivers transport nitrogen from human and animal wastes, fertiliser use, and atmospheric deposition on watersheds to coastal waters, that direct atmospheric deposition on the Yellow Sea is significant, and that natural biological sources, such as fixation of nitrogen within the coastal environment, are much less than anthropogenic contributions. There is also little doubt that human and animal waste materials, fertilisers, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition, all support the remarkable green tides of the Yellow Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotopic evidence of nitrogen sources and C4 metabolism driving the world’s largest macroalgal green tides in the Yellow Sea

Valiela

Chen

Lloret

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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During recent years, rapid seasonal growth of macroalgae covered extensive areas within the Yellow Sea, developing the world’s most spatially extensive “green tide”. The remarkably fast accumulation of macroalgal biomass is the joint result of high nitrogen supplies in Yellow Sea waters, plus ability of the macroalgae to optionally use C4 photosynthetic pathways that facilitate rapid growth. Stable isotopic evidence shows that the high nitrogen supply is derived from anthropogenic sources, conveyed from watersheds via river discharges, and by direct atmospheric deposition. Wastewater and manures supply about half the nitrogen used by the macroalgae, fertiliser and atmospheric deposition each furnish about a quarter of the nitrogen in macroalgae. The massive green tides affecting the Yellow Sea are likely to increase, with significant current and future environmental and human consequences. Addressing these changing trajectories will demand concerted investment in new basic and applied research as the basis for developing management policies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stable isotopic evidence of nitrogen sources and C4 metabolism driving the world’s largest macroalgal green tides in the Yellow Sea

Valiela

Chen

Lloret

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…This macroalgal ecosystem instability is not isolated. Other instances include the macroalga Ulva, which has experienced runaway growth from nutrient run-off and climate in China (Liu et al 2016) and effluents in Brittany (Charlier et al 2006). Collectively scientists have called these macroalgal blooms green and golden tides and consistent with plankton blooms noted 420 their increasing frequency (Smetacek & Zingone 2013).…”

Section: Empirical Examples Of Nutrient-driven Ecosystem Imbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Entanglement and the Propagation of Nutrient-Driven Instability

McCann

MacDougall

Bieg

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Almost 50 years ago, Michael Rosenzweig pointed out that nutrient addition can destabilize food webs, leading to loss of species and reduced ecosystem function through the paradox of enrichment. Around the same time, David Tilman demonstrated that increased nutrient loading 25 would also be expected to cause competitive exclusion leading to deleterious changes in food web diversity. While both concepts have greatly illuminated general diversity-stability theory, we currently lack a coherent framework to predict how nutrients influence food web stability across a landscape. This is a vitally important gap in our understanding, given mounting evidence of serious ecological disruption arising from anthropogenic displacement of resources and organisms. Here, 30 we combine contemporary theory on food webs and meta-ecosystems to show that nutrient additions are indeed expected to drive loss in stability and function in human-impacted regions. However, this loss in stability occurs not just from wild oscillations in population abundance, but more frequently from the complete loss of an equilibrium due to edible plant species being competitively excluded. In highly modified landscapes, spatial nutrient transport theory suggests 35 that such instabilities can be amplified over vast distances from the sites of nutrient addition. Consistent with this theoretical synthesis, the empirical frequency of these distant propagating ecosystem imbalances appears to be growing. This synthesis of theory and empirical data suggests that human modification of the Earth's ecological connectivity is "entangling" once distantly separated ecosystems, causing rapid, expansive, and costly nutrient-driven instabilities over vast 40 areas of the planet. The corollary to this spatial nutrient theory, though --akin to weak interaction theory from food web networks --is that slow spatial nutrient pathways can be potent stabilizers by moderating flows across a landscape.

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Effects of green tide on microbial communities in waters of the Jiangsu coastal area, China

Yuan

Luo

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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Recently, green tide outbreaks have resulted in severe coastal ecology and economic effects in China. Jiangsu coastal areas are usually the site of early green tide outbreaks. To clarify the effects of green tide outbreaks in Jiangsu coastal areas, this study analyzed microbial communities during green tide‐free and green tide outbreak periods (May and July, respectively) through 16S rDNA sequencing. Sequences were clustered into 4117 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 1044 and 3834 of which were obtained from the May and July groups, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that green tide occurrence was closely associated with the temperature, pH, and concentrations of various nutrients. Diversity analysis revealed that the July group had a richer microbial community than the May group, in agreement with the results of propagule culture. Moreover, comparative analysis revealed that samples in the May and July groups clustered together. According to Megan analysis, the May group had much more Psychrobacter, Sulfitobacter, and Marinomonas than the July group, whereas the other genera were predominantly found in July, such as Ascidiacerhabitans, Synechococcus Hydrotalea, and Burkholderia‐Paraburkholderia. These findings suggest that green tide outbreaks affect marine microbial communities, and detecting the changes in the identified genera during green tide outbreaks may contribute to green tide forecasting. Practitioner Points Jiangsu coastal areas are usually the site of early green tide outbreaks. Green tide occurrence was related to the concentrations of various nutrients. Microbial species and community structure significantly changed after green tide outbreak.

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A review of the green tides in the Yellow Sea, China

Cited by 91 publications

References 40 publications

Stable isotopic evidence of nitrogen sources and C4 metabolism driving the world’s largest macroalgal green tides in the Yellow Sea

Stable isotopic evidence of nitrogen sources and C4 metabolism driving the world’s largest macroalgal green tides in the Yellow Sea

Ecosystem Entanglement and the Propagation of Nutrient-Driven Instability

Effects of green tide on microbial communities in waters of the Jiangsu coastal area, China

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