A review of the history, definitions and methods of continuous cover forestry with special attention to afforestation and restocking

Pommerening, Arne; Murphy, Skya

doi:10.1093/forestry/77.1.27

Cited by 312 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recent decades have seen increasing interest in the potential role of CCF as an approach to forest management in many parts of the world [18,89]. However, there are few reports of CCF being actively deployed in the management of planted forests of non-native species since these are normally intensively managed for wood production using even-aged management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the implementation of more complex and diversified forests is now explicitly supported in forest policy documents in various countries of the British Isles such as Ireland, Scotland and Wales [14][15][16]. One means of achieving this change is through increased adoption of Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), an approach to forest management which seeks to manage the forest ecosystem rather than purely the trees, which uses natural processes as the basis of stand management, which works with site limitations, and which seeks to create diverse stand structures with a range of species [17,18]. The approach is implemented by silvicultural systems which avoid the use of clear-felling and thus maintain a continuity of woodland conditions across the site (hence "continuous cover").…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing Continuous Cover Forestry in Planted Forests: Experience with Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis) in the British Isles

Mason

2015

Forests

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Planted forests of Sitka spruce, a non-native species from north-west America, are the major forest type in Great Britain and Ireland. Standard management involves even-aged stands, rotations of 40-50 years and a patch clear-felling system with artificial regeneration. However, forest policies support managing these forests for multifunctional objectives with increased diversity of species composition and stand structure. Continuous cover forestry (CCF) is an alternative silvicultural approach used to provide such diversity, but the amount of CCF forest is under 10% of the forest area, and less in Sitka spruce forests; This paper reviews research carried out in the last two decades to support the implementation of CCF in Sitka spruce planted forests; Stand structures and microclimate favouring natural regeneration are understood. Harvesting systems have been adapted for use in CCF stands, a single-tree growth model has been calibrated, comparative costs and revenues have been determined, and operational trials established. The interaction between thinning and wind stability in irregular stands is problematic, together with the lack of suitable species for growing in mixture with Sitka spruce; Introduction of an alternative silvicultural approach may take decades and must overcome technical challenges and cultural resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Continuous Cover Forestry in Planted Forests: Experience with Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis) in the British Isles

Mason

2015

Forests

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“…It would be used where the stands are of limited economic or ecological value and where there are no cost-effective measures that can be implemented to increase adaptive capacity. Kolstrom et al (2011) recently reviewed stand level adaptation measures reported by 19 European countries; most of them appear to involve aspects of an active adaptation strategy such as increasing genetic and species diversity, fostering mixed stands of well adapted species, and introducing alternative silvicultural regimes such as continuous cover forestry (Pommerening, Murphy 2004). For example, at least ten non-native tree species could be considered for planting in north-eastern Germany (Bolte et al 2009) while over 20 alternative species have been proposed as part of a climate change adaptation strategy in Wales (Anonymous 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silvicultural strategies for adapting planted forests to climate change: from theory to practice

Mason¹,

Petr²,

Bathgate³

2012

J. For. Sci.

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Adapting forests to climate change involves silvicultural measures such as use of a range of species and the fostering of mixed stands. We tested these in a Sitka spruce forest in southern Scotland, employing the Ecological Site Classification to match suitability of 24 species to six climatic and edaphic variables under values of accumulated temperature and moisture deficit projected for a medium emissions scenario for the present century. Both median and 90 th percentile values were contrasted. In the first case there was a small change in species suitability with Sitka spruce, noble fir, downy birch, sycamore and aspen being the most suitable species. When the 90 th percentile values were employed, the suitability of Sitka spruce and similar conifers had declined by the 2050's due to soil moisture deficits. The actual performance of a range of species in a long-term experiment on a similar, warmer site showed several productive conifers including Sitka spruce that maintained reasonable growth when planted in mixture. Mixed plots were developing into pure stands of the most productive species. Species diversification was the most practical adaptation measure for this forest and should concentrate on areas of the greatest risk like south-facing slopes with free-draining soils.

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“…A topical question in contemporary forestry is the comparison of the continuous cover forest management system (CCF) (Pommerening -Murphy 2004, Knoke 2012) and traditional rotation forest management (RF) methods. From an economic point of view, the most important advantages of CCF (the English translation of 'Dauerwaldwirtschaft') are the stability of uneven-aged forests and evenly distributed logging, which has a positive effect on…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Assessment of European Beech and Turkey Oak Stands with Close-to-Nature Forest Management

Csépányi¹,

Csór²

2017

Acta Silvatica Et Lignaria Hungarica

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-The paper analyses the complex economic models of continuous cover forestry based on the 'Dauerwald' principles in the early transformation period and in the traditional rotation system both in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) stands in central Hungarian study sites. The analysis was carried out on both the stand and estate-levels, and the performances were compared as well. We found that continuous cover forest management (CCF) can achieve at least the same economic efficiency as traditional rotation forest management (RF) in both beech and in Turkey oak stands. The regeneration problems occurring in poor quality sites in Turkey oak stands made visible the economic differences between the two management systems investigated. European beech / Turkey oak / continuous cover forest management / rotation forest management / annuityKivonat -Természetközeli erdőgazdálkodás ökonómiai értékelése bükk és cser állományokban. A tanulmány bemutatja az örökerdő elvek szerint folyamatos borítást biztosító erdőgazdálkodással kezelt bükkösök (Fagus sylvatica L.) és cseresek (Quercus cerris L.) kezdeti átvezetési időszakának adataiból, és a hagyományos vágásos erdőgazdálkodás adataiból felállított komplex ökonómiai modellek elemzését a Közép-Magyarországon található vizsgálati területeken. Az elemzés erdőrészlet és erdőtömb (üzemi) szinten hasonlítja össze a gazdasági teljesítményeket. Megállapítható, hogy a bükkösökben és a cseresekben örökerdő-gazdálkodás mindkét szinten legalább olyan ökonómiai teljesítményre képes, mint a hagyományos vágásos üzemmód. A gyenge termőhelyű cseresekben jelentkező felújítási problémák rövid idő alatt láthatóvá tették a két gazdálkodási rendszer közötti ökonómiai különbségeket. bükk / cser / örökerdő-gazdálkodás / vágásos erdőgazdálkodás / annuitás

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A review of the history, definitions and methods of continuous cover forestry with special attention to afforestation and restocking

Cited by 312 publications

References 29 publications

Implementing Continuous Cover Forestry in Planted Forests: Experience with Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis) in the British Isles

Implementing Continuous Cover Forestry in Planted Forests: Experience with Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis) in the British Isles

Silvicultural strategies for adapting planted forests to climate change: from theory to practice

Economic Assessment of European Beech and Turkey Oak Stands with Close-to-Nature Forest Management

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