A review of the hormones involved in the endocrine dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome and their interactions

Emanuel, Rebecca H. K.; Roberts, Jason M.; Docherty, Paul; Lunt, Helen; Campbell, Rebecca E.; Möller, Knut

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1017468

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…More recently, a large cohort study demonstrated that the risk of developing a goiter was significantly higher in women with PCOS versus women without PCOS (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1−3.4) ( 24 ). The incidence of goiter in that study was 1.4 patients/year in women with PCOS versus 0.7 patients/year in the control population ( 24 ) confirming the complex nature of hormonal interactions in women with PCOS ( 43 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

Palomba,

Colombo,

Busnelli

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundPublished data on the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid dysfunction are sparse and confusing.ObjectiveTo comprehensively review data available in the literature regarding the relationship between PCOS and the thyroid function, and its abnormalities.MethodsNine main areas of interest were identified and analyzed according to the available evidence: 1) Evaluation of thyroid function for PCOS diagnosis; 2) Epidemiology data on thyroid function/disorders in patients with PCOS, and vice versa; 3) Experimental data supporting the relationship between thyroid function/disorders and PCOS; 4) Effects of thyroid function/disorders on PCOS features, and vice versa; 5) Effect of thyroid alterations on the cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS; 6) Effect of thyroid abnormalities on reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS; 7) Relationship between thyroid function/abnormalities in patients with PCOS who are undergoing fertility treatment; 8) Effect of treatments for thyroid diseases on PCOS; and 9) Effect of treatments for PCOS on thyroid function. An extensive literature search for specific keywords was performed for articles published from 1970 to March 2023 using PubMed and Web of Science. Data were reported in a narrative fashion.ResultsPCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion for which diagnosis is possible only after excluding disorders that mimic the PCOS phenotype, including thyroid dysfunctions. However, the tests and the cutoff values used for this are not specified. Many experimental and clinical data suggest a relationship between perturbations of the thyroid function and PCOS. Direct and unequivocal evidence on the effects of thyroid function/disorders on PCOS features are lacking. High thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and subclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with significant worsening of several intermediate endpoints of cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS. Thyroid abnormalities may worsen reproductive outcomes, especially in patients undergoing fertility treatment. To date, there are no data demonstrating the efficacy of thyroid medications on fertility and cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS. Lifestyle modification changes, metformin, and vitamin D seem to improve thyroid function in the general population.ConclusionPCOS and thyroid disorders are closely related, and their coexistence may identify patients with a higher reproductive and metabolic risk. Regular screening for thyroid function and thyroid-specific autoantibodies in women with PCOS, particularly before and during pregnancy, is highly recommended.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

Palomba,

Colombo,

Busnelli

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“… 32 Nearly all androstenedione produced in the adrenal gland is synthesised from DHEA in humans. 33 Elevated DHEAS is considered a marker for hyperactive adrenal cortex production of androgens. 32 Majority of women with PCOS are reported to have increased DHEAS levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative range of various serum hormonal parameters among Indian women of reproductive age: ICMR-PCOS task force study outcome

Shah

Rashid

Kulkarni

et al. 2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

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“…Through the HPG axis, LH release is a result of pulsatile GnRH release from the hypothalamus to the pituitary. A high pulse frequency of GnRH secretion favors the release of LH while a low frequency of GnRH secretion contributes to a greater FSH release [ 21 ]. Based on these hormonal changes, determination of the LH/FSH ratio serves as a gold standard in the assessment of PCOS and is used as a marker for ovarian reserve capacity [ 22 ].…”

Section: Hormonal Changes In Patients With Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Target Parameters in Relation to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Physical Exercise: Focus on the Master Triad of Hormonal Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Lőrincz,

Börzsei,

Hoffmann

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age with heterogeneous prevalence. It is well known that female reproductive competence depends on the dynamic regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis; therefore, disruption of this highly regulated system leads to fertility problems. Among disruptors, both oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to an increased LH-FSH ratio and a consequent hyperandrogenism. Shifts in this bidirectional interplay between the neuroendocrine system and oxidative/inflammatory homeostasis result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and inflammatory markers as well as alterations in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Evidence shows that lifestyle changes, including regular physical exercise, are recognized as the most effective first-line management to reduce the severity of PCOS symptoms. The aim of our narrative review is to provide insights into the mechanisms and target factors of PCOS-related hormonal changes, oxidative/antioxidant homeostasis, and inflammation, and to discuss the effects of exercise, which takes into account various factors, in relation to PCOS. A better understanding of the PCOS-associated hormonal changes, oxidative and inflammatory circuits, as well as exercise-induced mechanisms of action on those targets may improve the quality of life of women with PCOS.

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A review of the hormones involved in the endocrine dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome and their interactions

Cited by 25 publications

References 188 publications

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

Normative range of various serum hormonal parameters among Indian women of reproductive age: ICMR-PCOS task force study outcome

Mechanisms and Target Parameters in Relation to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Physical Exercise: Focus on the Master Triad of Hormonal Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

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