A review of the impact of transient luminous events on the atmospheric chemistry: Past, present, and future

Gordillo‐Vázquez, F. J.; Pérez‐Invernón, Francisco J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105432

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 328 publications

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“…atmospheric chemistry impact (Bozem et al, 2014;Gordillo-Vázquez & Pérez-Invernón, 2021;Minschwaner et al, 2008;Pérez-Invernón et al, 2019;Shlanta & Moore, 1972;Simek, 2002;Zahn et al, 2002) remain to be well understood. O by non-equilibrium electron-impact collisions (Gordillo-Vázquez et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Frequency and Geographical Distribution of Nighttime Streamer Corona Discharges (BLUEs) in Thunderclouds

Soler

Gordillo‐Vázquez

Pérez‐Invernón

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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gests streamer coronas to be the cause of narrow bipolar events (NBEs). NBEs were originally detected by Le Vine (1980) in the form of strong radio frequency sources from in-cloud electrical activity. Such sources were characterized by short-duration (10-30  E s) bipolar sferic waveforms recorded in the very low frequency (VLF)/low frequency (LF) (10-400 kHz) range (Smith et al., 1999). NBEs can also appear accompanied by strong very high frequency (VHF) (30-300 MHz) radiation bursts. N EFirst Negative System (FNS) at 391.4 nm than leaderless corona discharges (Gallimberti et al., 1974).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Frequency and Geographical Distribution of Nighttime Streamer Corona Discharges (BLUEs) in Thunderclouds

Soler

Gordillo‐Vázquez

Pérez‐Invernón

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Each of these types of phenomena exhibits a different morphology but they likely share common physical processes. The blue color indicates the presence of electron‐impact excitation of molecular nitrogen (Gordillo‐Vázquez & Pérez‐Invernón, 2021; Pasko, 2008; Surkov & Hayakawa, 2020) and the weak or absent atomic oxygen line at 777.4 nm, indicates that air does not reach high temperatures, typically associated with lightning leaders at ground level. This points to streamer coronas being the key component of BLUEs, a conclusion supported by the close association between BLUEs and narrow bipolar events (NBEs) (F. Liu et al., 2018; Soler et al., 2020), which are radio emissions also attributed to corona discharges in thunderclouds (N. Liu et al., 2019; Rison et al., 2016; Tilles et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Flashes as Counterparts to Narrow Bipolar Events: The Optical Signal of Shallow In‐Cloud Discharges

Luque

Gordillo‐Vázquez

et al. 2021

JGR Atmospheres

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Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) are powerful radio emissions from thunderstorms, which have been recently associated with blue optical flashes on cloud tops and attributed to extensive streamer electrical discharges named fast breakdown. Combining data obtained from a thunderstorm over South China by the space‐based Atmosphere Space Interactions Monitor, the Vaisala GLD360 global lightning network and very low frequency/low frequency radio detectors, here we report and analyze for the first time the optical emissions of blue luminous events associated with negative NBEs and located at the top edge of a thundercloud. These emissions are weakly affected by scattering from cloud droplets, allowing us to estimate the source extension and optical energy involved in the process. The optical energy in the 337‐nm band emitted by fast breakdown is about 104 J, which involves around 109 streamer initiation events.

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“…Contrary to optical spectra of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs), where molecular optical emissions dominate over neutral and ionic emissions (Gordillo‐Vázquez & Pérez‐Invernón, 2021; Gordillo‐Vázquez et al., 2018; Hampton et al., 1996; Kanmae et al., 2007; Parra‐Rojas et al., 2013, 2015; Passas et al., 2016; Pérez‐Invernón et al., 2018), lightning spectra mostly exhibit the presence of neutral and ion lines. The presence of molecular emissions in lightning spectra is interesting, since it indicates the presence of mild temperature regions and/or the activity of streamers surrounding the heated lightning channel where molecules can exist and be electronically excited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Speed Spectroscopy of Lightning‐Like Discharges: Evidence of Molecular Optical Emissions

et al. 2021

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High speed spectra (between ∼380 nm and ∼800 nm) of meter‐long lightning‐like discharges recorded at 672,000 fps and 1,400,000 fps (with 1.488 and 0.714 μs time resolutions and 160 ns exposure time) show optical emissions of neutral hydrogen, singly ionized nitrogen, oxygen, and doubly ionized nitrogen which are similar to those found in natural lightning optical emissions. The spectra recorded in the near ultraviolet‐blue range (380–450 nm) and visible‐near infrared (475–793 nm) exhibited features of optical emissions corresponding to several molecular species (and emission bands) like cyanide radical (CN) (Violet bands), N2 (Second Positive System), N2+ (first negative system), C2 (Swan band) and CO (Quintet and Ångström bands). Molecular species can be formed at regions of the lightning‐like channel where the gas temperature would be milder and/or in the corona sheath surrounding the heated channel. We have quantified and compared electron densities and temperatures derived from different sets of neutral and ion line emissions and have found different sensitivities depending on the lines used. Temperatures derived from ion emissions are higher and change faster than those derived from neutral emissions.

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A review of the impact of transient luminous events on the atmospheric chemistry: Past, present, and future

Cited by 38 publications

References 328 publications

Global Frequency and Geographical Distribution of Nighttime Streamer Corona Discharges (BLUEs) in Thunderclouds

Global Frequency and Geographical Distribution of Nighttime Streamer Corona Discharges (BLUEs) in Thunderclouds

Blue Flashes as Counterparts to Narrow Bipolar Events: The Optical Signal of Shallow In‐Cloud Discharges

High‐Speed Spectroscopy of Lightning‐Like Discharges: Evidence of Molecular Optical Emissions

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