A review of the importance and physiological role of curd formation in the abomasum of young calves

Longenbach, J.I; Heinrichs, A.J.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(98)00130-8

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…At d 29, the calves were blocked by weight and the hematocrit level, and were randomly assigned, within a block, to one of the three treatment groups: Control (C), SWP or SWP+BCAA. The animals were housed in conventional building conditions for veal calves, with the ventilation varying between 50 and 250 m 3 /h/animal depending on the temperature in the building. The blocks were randomly assigned to one of two experimental rooms.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, recent data in human beings has demonstrated that the speed of absorption of dietary protein could affect the postprandial protein synthesis, breakdown and deposition [2]. However, other data challenge this conclusion and suggest that the nature of the protein source, its processing method and its nutritional quality are more important to calf performance than its clotting ability [3]. Solubilized wheat proteins (SWP), in particular, are interesting because they are relatively cheap, fairly functional, devoid of anti-nutritional activities and highly digestible [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The incorporation of solubilized wheat proteins in milk replacers for veal calves: effects on growth performance and muscle oxidative capacity

et al. 2003

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-Replacement of skim milk proteins by solubilized wheat protein (SWP) in milk replacers for veal calves would contribute to the reduction in feeding costs. The occurrence of metabolic disorders has, however, been reported. Forty-two male calves received one of three treatments over 140 days: a control diet, a diet containing SWP without or with branched-chain amino acid supplementation. Liveweight gain, carcass yield, color and conformation did not show any significant differences. No metabolic disorders were noted. Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids reduced the marginal Val deficiency but did not modify the growth performances. With the SWP containing diets, the plasma metabolite profile was characteristic of those observed with non-clotting diets. It was statistically correlated to the changes in the orientation of the Semitendinosus muscle energy metabolism towards a more oxidative type and to indications of a lower efficiency of amino acid utilisation for protein deposition. At the present levels of inclusion, SWP proved to be an interesting alternative to the sole use of whey as the protein source in milk replacers for veal calves.veal / preruminant calf / wheat proteins / milk replacer / growth / blood parameters Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 43 (2003) 57-76 57

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The incorporation of solubilized wheat proteins in milk replacers for veal calves: effects on growth performance and muscle oxidative capacity

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the effects of the kinetics of absorption of dietary ingredients can vary between species, because the digestive system differs and particular ingredients are used in practical diets for various species. In preruminant calves, for example, skimmed milk protein, coagulates in the abomasum, resulting in a delayed amino acid absorption compared to glucose (Longenbach and Heinrichs, 1997). Delayed portal glucose appearance in pigs fed resistant starches compared with those fed pregelatinised starch also changes the synchrony between glucose and amino acids (Cummings and Englyst, 1995;Van der Meulen et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs

Borne

Schrama

Heetkamp

et al. 2007

Animal

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Effects of synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose within a day on protein and energy metabolism were studied in growing pigs. Ten pigs of on average 54 (s.e. 1.0) kg live weight were assigned to each of two dietary treatments (synchronous v. asynchronous nutrient supply) in a change-over design. On the synchronous treatment (SYN), pigs received two balanced meals: one at 0800 h and one at 1600 h. On the asynchronous treatment (ASYN), pigs received virtually all protein at 0800 h and all carbohydrates at 1600 h. The dietary supply of ingredients and nutrients to pigs was similar for both treatments. Pigs were housed individually in respiration chambers. Faecal apparent nutrient digestibility was determined and nitrogen and energy balances were measured. Faecal apparent digestibility of energy, organic matter and non-starch polysaccharides was higher ( P , 0.05) for SYN than for ASYN. The efficiency of utilisation of digestible protein with protein gain was higher ( P ¼ 0.001) for SYN (56.7%) than for ASYN (47.1%). The substantial decrease ( P , 0.05) in respiratory quotient and 13 C enrichment of the expired CO 2 after the morning meal indicated higher amino acid oxidation for ASYN than for SYN. Heat production and energy retention as fat were not affected by nutrient synchrony. In conclusion, an asynchronous availability of glucose and amino acids within a day increases amino acid oxidation, resulting in a substantial reduction in protein utilisation but with virtually no effect on fat retention.

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“…Separation of amino acid and glucose availability in time, for example, can be expected when skimmed milk protein is fed to calves. Casein (~ 80% of milk protein) clots in the calf abomasum and leads to a slow release of protein into the intestinal tract [5,83,101], while lactose does not have clotting abilities and is absorbed relatively quickly compared with dietary protein [5,102] (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Post-absorptive Nutrient Asynchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the low efficiency of protein utilization in heavy preruminant calves – a reductionist approach

Borne

Verdonk²,

Schrama

et al. 2006

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-The efficiency of protein utilization for growth in preruminant calves is decreasing with increasing body weight. In contrast to calves weighing less than 100 kg of body weight, heavy preruminant calves do not respond in protein retention to an increased intake of indispensable amino acids in dose-response studies. The marginal efficiency of protein utilization is low compared with pigs and milk-fed lambs at a similar stage of maturity. A reductionist approach was taken to perceive the potential mechanisms for the low protein utilization in preruminant calves. Neither an imbalance in the dietary protein to energy ratio nor a single limiting indispensable amino acid was responsible for the low efficiency. Also, amino acids were not specifically used to detoxify ammonia. Alternative hypotheses to explain the low efficiency are discussed and result in (i) a reduced post-absorptive supply of amino acids: e.g. by fermentation of milk in the (premature) rumen or preferential amino acid utilization by specific tissues; or (ii) a reduced post-absorptive amino acid utilization: e.g. by decreased insulin sensitivity, utilization of amino acids for gluconeogenesis or an asynchronous nutrient supply. In conclusion, several mechanisms for the low efficiency of protein utilization in heavy preruminant calves were excluded. Other physiological processes which are potentially involved remain to be studied, because the large potential for improving protein utilization in heavy preruminant calves asks for further exploration of their amino acid metabolism.calf / veal / protein metabolism / efficiency / amino acids / preruminant

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A review of the importance and physiological role of curd formation in the abomasum of young calves

Cited by 47 publications

References 50 publications

The incorporation of solubilized wheat proteins in milk replacers for veal calves: effects on growth performance and muscle oxidative capacity

The incorporation of solubilized wheat proteins in milk replacers for veal calves: effects on growth performance and muscle oxidative capacity

Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs

Reviewing the low efficiency of protein utilization in heavy preruminant calves – a reductionist approach

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