A review of the infectious agents, parasites, pathogens and commensals of European cockles (<i>Cerastoderma edule</i>and<i>C. glaucum</i>)

Longshaw, Matt; Malham, Shelagh K.

doi:10.1017/s0025315412000537

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…Previous records of Minchinia spp. in the UK are from a histopathology survey of cockles (Longshaw and Malham, 2012), which suggested that Minchinia mercenariae and M. tapetis may be implicated in host population crashes. Our results provide the first molecular records of Minchinia in the UK.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage-specific molecular probing reveals novel diversity and ecological partitioning of haplosporidians

et al. 2013

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Haplosporidians are rhizarian parasites of mostly marine invertebrates. They include the causative agents of diseases of commercially important molluscs, including MSX disease in oysters. Despite their importance for food security, their diversity and distributions are poorly known. We used a combination of group-specific PCR primers to probe environmental DNA samples from planktonic and benthic environments in Europe, South Africa and Panama. This revealed several highly distinct novel clades, novel lineages within known clades and seasonal (spring vs autumn) and habitatrelated (brackish vs littoral) variation in assemblage composition. High frequencies of haplosporidian lineages in the water column provide the first evidence for life cycles involving planktonic hosts, host-free stages or both. The general absence of haplosporidian lineages from all large online sequence data sets emphasises the importance of lineage-specific approaches for studying these highly divergent and diverse lineages. Combined with host-based field surveys, environmental sampling for pathogens will enhance future detection of known and novel pathogens and the assessment of disease risk.

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Section: Phylogenetic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage-specific molecular probing reveals novel diversity and ecological partitioning of haplosporidians

et al. 2013

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“…Histological analysis does not allow species identification. Two species of this genus, N. portunidarum and N. incognito, have been described from C. glaucum (Longshaw & Malham 2013). Nematopsis sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another unidentified coccidian-like organism that caused no serious histological damage was observed in the gills of lagoon cockles; this organism was found in more sampled beds than were the organisms infecting the kidney. No reports of coccidians infecting gills of cockles were included in the review by Longshaw & Malham (2013); a coccidian-like protist was seen in the gills of razor clams Ensis siliqua (Ruiz et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have been reported in C. edule and Crassostrea angulata (Lauckner 1983); alterations of gill structure and haemocytic response have been described in Crassostrea gigas (Boussaïd et al 1999). T. cardiorum has been reported from C. glaucum and both T. cardii and T. polandiae from C. edule (Longshaw & Malham 2013). Rinchodida ciliates have been described from C. glaucum, including Hypocomella rabeii, Sphenophyra cardii and Hypocomidium fabious (Lauckner 1983, Longshaw & Malham 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reise (2003) summarised those differences as follows: C. edule has higher burying ability and is better adap ted to air exposure than C. glaucum; the former produces more, smaller, pelagic eggs, with longer larval longevity and dispersal, while the eggs of the latter are benthic; the tolerance ranges of temperature (3−25°C) and salinity (10−35 psu) of C. edule are narrower than those of C. glaucum (0−32°C, 4−60 psu), with optimum temperature values of 10 and 20°C, respectively. Literature on parasites and pathological conditions of C. edule and C. glaucum was reviewed by Longshaw & Malham (2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasites, pathological conditions and resistance to Marteilia cochillia in lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from Galicia (NW Spain)

Carballal¹,

Iglesias²,

Darriba³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A histopathological survey revealed parasites and pathological conditions affecting lagoon cockles Cerastoderma glaucum along the Galician coast; serious pathological threats were not detected because the potentially pathogenic conditions (infections with a Marteilia-like parasite and bucephalid sporocysts, disseminated neoplasia and a condition involving large foci of heavy haemocytic reaction) were rare, while more prevalent parasites had negligible or limited pathogeny. Considering that C. edule and C. glaucum are sympatric in some Galician rias, it is remarkable that C. glaucum was not seriously affected by Marteilia cochillia while C. edule suffered an intense outbreak of this parasite associated with massive mortality. Comparison of the digestive gland between cockle species showed co-occurrence of digestive tubules in different phases, with abundant disintegrated tubules, in the case of C. glaucum, while C. edule showed synchronicity and absence of fully disintegrated tubules; these differences could in fluence their susceptibility to M. cochillia because the main location of this parasite in common cockles is the epithelia of the digestive gland. Moreover, the observation of histological sections through the digestive gland easily allows differentiating the 2 cockle species.

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Latitudinal influence on gametogenesis and host–parasite ecology in a marine bivalve model

Mahony

Lynch

Egerton

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Reproduction and parasites have significant impacts on marine animal populations globally. This study aimed to investigate the associative effects of host reproduction and a host–parasite interplay on a marine bivalve, along a geographic gradient of latitude. Cockles Cerastoderma edule were sampled from five European sites (54°N to 40°N), between April 2018 and October 2019. A histological survey provided data on trematode (metacercaria and sporocyst life stages), prevalence, and cockle stage of gametogenesis to assess the influence of a latitudinal gradient on both interplays. Sex ratios at the northernmost sites were skewed toward females, and spawning size was reduced at the lower latitudes. Trematode infection did not follow a latitudinal gradient. Localized site‐related drivers, namely seawater temperature, varied spatially, having an impact on cockle–trematode interactions. Spawning was related to elevated temperatures at all sites. Prolonged spawning occurred at southern latitudes, where seawater temperatures were warmer. Trematode prevalence and the impact of trematodes on gametogenesis were found to be spatially variable, but not latitudinally. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the likelihood of boom and bust events in cockles, based on the latitudinal location of a population. In terms of sublethal impacts, it appeared that energy was allocated to reproduction rather than somatic growth in southern populations, with less energy allocated to reproduction in the larger, northern cockles. The demonstrated spatial trend of energy allocation indicates the potential of a temporal trend of reduced cockle growth at northern sites, as a result of warming sea temperatures. This awareness of the spatially varying drivers of populations is crucial considering the potential for these drivers/inhibitors to be exacerbated in a changing marine environment.

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A review of the infectious agents, parasites, pathogens and commensals of European cockles (Cerastoderma eduleandC. glaucum)

Cited by 45 publications

References 157 publications

Lineage-specific molecular probing reveals novel diversity and ecological partitioning of haplosporidians

Lineage-specific molecular probing reveals novel diversity and ecological partitioning of haplosporidians

Parasites, pathological conditions and resistance to Marteilia cochillia in lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from Galicia (NW Spain)

Latitudinal influence on gametogenesis and host–parasite ecology in a marine bivalve model

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