A Review of the Leaf-Mining Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Canada and the USA, with New Host Plant and Distribution Records

Abstract

Host and distribution records are reviewed for the leaf-mining fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetina) occurring in Canada and the USA, with new data from rearings and from observations posted to BugGuide and iNaturalist. Nine species are known, including the European species Acidia cognata (Wiedemann), which has recently been discovered in eastern Canada mining leaves of coltsfoot (Asteraceae: Tussilago farfara L.); three species of Euleia Walker, of which the two with known hosts feed on Apiaceae; and five species of Trypeta Meigen, of which the three with known hosts feed on Asteraceae (mostly Senecioneae). Newly reported hosts for the widespread species Euleia fratria (Loew) include Aegopodium podagraria L., Angelica arguta Nutt., A. hendersonii J. M. Coult. and Rose, A. sylvestris L., A. tomentosa S. Watson, A. triquinata Michx., Apium graveolens L., Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J. M. Coult. and Rose, Daucus carota L., Heracleum sphondylium L., Levisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch, Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britton, Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf., Sium suave Walter, Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude, Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt., and Zizia aurea (L.) W. D. J. Koch. The first rearing records are given for E. uncinata (Coquillett), which is restricted to Alaska and adjacent Canada; they include Angelica lucida L., C. douglasii, and Heracleum maximum W. Bartram. Packera paupercula (Michx.) Á. Löve and D. Löve, Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus (Pursh) Chern. and R. J. Bayer, Senecio eremophilus Richardson, Rudbeckia laciniata L., and tentatively S. minimus Poir., are newly reported as hosts of the widespread species Trypeta flaveola Coquillett, and S. atratus Greene is a new rearing record for the western T. footei Han and Norrbom. Parasitoids reared from larvae and puparia of these flies include Braconidae (Alysiinae, Opiinae), Eulophidae (Entedoninae, Eulophinae, Tetrastichinae), and Pteromalidae (Miscogastrinae).