A review of the lichen family Parmeliaceae – history, phylogeny and current taxonomy

Thell, Arne; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Seaward, M. R. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00008.x

Cited by 122 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…Thus one prerequisite for identifying such a character is elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of the group of interest (Ridley 1983;Pagel and Harvey 1988). Recently, a number of phylogenetic studies enhanced our knowledge of evolution and phylogenetic relationships within Parmeliaceae (Crespo et al 2010(Crespo et al , 2011Thell et al 2012). All genera currently accepted in Parmeliaceae in a wide sense (including the sometimes recognized Anziaceae, Alectoriaceae, Hypogymniaceae and Usneaceae) form a well-supported monophyletic group in all major published analyses (Persoh and Rambold 2002;Crespo et al 2007Arup et al 2007).…”

Section: Parmelia Sulcata and Flavoparmelia Caperatamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sister-group relationships of the largest family of lichenized fungi, Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)

et al. 2013

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Section: Parmelia Sulcata and Flavoparmelia Caperatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parmeliaceae is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi, consisting of over 2700 species (Thell et al 2012). The family includes well-known foliose and fruticose lichens, such as beard-lichens (Usnea) and species that are frequently used in monitoring of air pollution, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sister-group relationships of the largest family of lichenized fungi, Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)

et al. 2013

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“…It is worth to note that the taxonomic affinity of M. disjuncta is uncertain and requires further studies (e.g. [2,38] DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS. Thallus foliose, forming rosettes or irregular, weakly appressed to the substrate.…”

Section: Xanthoparmelia Deliseimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hale, comprising ca. 800 species of worldwide distribution belongs to the largest family of lichenized fungi -Parmeliaceae [1,2]. The distinguishing features of the genus are: hyphal cell walls' polysaccharides with Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan [3][4][5], small ascospores with an arachiform vacuolar body [6], lack of pseudocyphellae, presence of a pored epicortex, eperforate apothecia, the presence of bifusiform conidia and usually simple rhizines [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lichen-forming fungi of the Xanthoparmelia pulla group (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in Poland

Szczepańska¹,

Kossowska²

2014

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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IntroductionThe genus Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale, comprising ca. 800 species of worldwide distribution belongs to the largest family of lichenized fungi -Parmeliaceae [1,2]. The distinguishing features of the genus are: hyphal cell walls' polysaccharides with Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan [3][4][5], small ascospores with an arachiform vacuolar body [6], lack of pseudocyphellae, presence of a pored epicortex, eperforate apothecia, the presence of bifusiform conidia and usually simple rhizines [5]. This genus is further characterized by a considerable variation in cortical chemistry of individual species. Most taxa of this genus occur on the siliceous rocks in dry and well-sunlit places, in periarid, arid, semiarid and Mediterranean climates, mainly in the southern hemisphere [5].Originally the genus Xanthoparmelia included exclusively the species containing atranorin and usnic or isousnic acids in the upper cortex, causing the yellowish tinge of thallus [7,8]. Lichens currently included to Xanthoparmelia pulla group but not containing these substances, with brown thalli and upper cortex stained by HNO 3 to blue-green, were initially grouped in the Neofusca subgenus (within the Parmelia genus) [9], which was then set up as a separate genus Neofuscelia [10]. Molecular studies have shown, however, that the genus Neofuscelia was polyphyletic, with its clades scattered within Xanthoparmelia. Consequently, the species of the genus Neofuscelia have been included in the Xanthoparmelia [11].Xanthoparmelia pulla group includes about 25 taxa dispersed throughout the world, seven of which occur in Europe [12]. Due to the frequent absence of apothecia and the lack of obvious differences in their structure, these taxa are traditionally distinguished on the basis of morphological features of the thallus, such as the color of lower cortex, shape of lobes and the presence or absence of vegetative propagules [12]. However, chemical characteristics play the most important role in the identification of taxa [9,13]. Within the species of the genus Xanthoparmelia, ca. 90 secondary metabolites were identified, mainly phenolic compounds such as depsides, depsidones, antraquinones and monocilic compounds, as well as aliphatic acids [8,14], 15 of which were present within Xanthoparmelia pulla group [13].So far four species of the Xanthoparmelia pulla group were reported from Poland: X. delisei, X. loxodes, X. pulla and X. verruculifera [15]. One of them, X. loxodes, was considered to be common throughout the country, while the X. pulla and X. verruculifera were admitted as more or less rare and endangered [16]. X. delisei in general was not distinguished by Polish lichenologists and its only records from present Polish territory were of historical nature [17]. AbstractThe paper presents the results of studies of Xanthoparmelia pulla group in Poland. The morphological and chemical analysis of herbarium materials confirmed the presence of four species of this group reported from Poland before. The study however, revealed considerable change...

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“…The generic circumscription in Parmeliaceae and in lichen forming fungi in general are continually being revised as a consequence of new understandings and advent of new technologies-from light microscopes to DNA sequences, and through extrolites and molecular phylogenetic analyses (reviewed in Lumbsch 1998;Nimis 1998;Grube & Winka 2002;Lumbsch 2007;Printzen 2010;Crespo et al 2011;Thell et al 2012;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphyly of the genus Canoparmelia—uncovering incongruences between phenotype-based classification and molecular phylogeny within lichenized Ascomycota (Parmeliaceae)

et al. 2016

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Many phenotypical features traditionally used to classify genera in Parmeliaceae and in lichens in general have evolved several times independently, potentially limiting their taxonomic utility. Here, we aim to elucidate evolutionary relationships of Canoparmelia s. lat. among other parmotremoid taxa. A multilocus dataset (ITS, nuLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequences) was gathered and analyzed within a phylogenetic framework. Canoparmelia s. lat. was recovered as highly polyphyletic within the parmelioid clade, and three divergent lineages representing Canoparmelia s. lat. were identified in addition to the previously segregated Crespoa group. Of these, two formed a sister relationship with Parmotrema. However, no apparent diagnostic morphological features were found distinguishing the distinct Canoparmelia s. lat. clades reconstructed in the phylogenetic analyses. As a consequence, we propose to restrict the circumscription of Canoparmelia to clade 1 (i.e. the C. texana group) and to include clades 2 and 3 in Parmotrema. We propose to recognize these well-supported monophyletic clades at subgeneric level. Consequently, the new subgeneric name Parmotrema subgen. Africanae is proposed for clade 3 recovered in this study. Since clade 4, which clusters with the genera Nesolechia and Punctelia, is only represented by a single sequenced specimen, we refrain from proposing any taxonomic changes. The new combinations Parmotrema epileucum, and P. zimbabwense are proposed.

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A review of the lichen family Parmeliaceae – history, phylogeny and current taxonomy

Cited by 122 publications

References 119 publications

The sister-group relationships of the largest family of lichenized fungi, Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)

The sister-group relationships of the largest family of lichenized fungi, Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)

The lichen-forming fungi of the Xanthoparmelia pulla group (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in Poland

Polyphyly of the genus Canoparmelia—uncovering incongruences between phenotype-based classification and molecular phylogeny within lichenized Ascomycota (Parmeliaceae)

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