A Review of the Medicinal Plants of Genus Orthosiphon (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

In the genus Orthosiphon (Lamiaceae), Orthosiphon aristatus, Orthosiphon pallidus, Orthosiphon thymiflorus, Orthosiphon stamineus are widely used in traditional medicine to prevent different diseases such as diabetes, kidney stone, edema, rheumatism, hepatitis, hypertensive and jaundice. A different variety of phytoconstituents has been isolated from the Orthosiphon species which include monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, organic acid and flavonoids compound. Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, analgesic and nephroprotective activities have been reported in the plant extract and phytoconstituents. Hence, the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive report about the Orthosiphon genus based on its toxicity in order to identify its therapeutic potential and future prospects for betterment of research.

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Uses and Bioactivities)

“…The characteristic of this straight tube is considered to be one of the main characteristics of the Labiatae or Lamiaceae family (Keng and Siong, 2006). Some species in the genus Orthosiphon are used as medicaments such as O. aristatus, O. pallidus, O. thymiflorus, O. stamineus especially in traditional medicine to prevent it different diseases such as diabetes mellitus, kidney stones, edema, rheumatism, hepatitis, hypertension and jaundice (Singh et al, 2015). Keng and Siong (2006) states that O. stamineus has two varieties based on its flower color, purple variety and white varieties.…”

“…Various types of chemical compounds that have been isolated from Orthosiphon species include monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, organic acids and flavonoid compounds (Singh et al, 2015) ( Figure 2). The methanol extract showed the presence of phenolic and flavanoid compounds.…”

“…The chemical structure of typical and bioactive compounds isolated from Orthosiphon yaitu: (a) 3'hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone neoorthosiphol A, (b) neoorthosiphol B α-amyrin, (c) β-amyrin maslinic acid, (d) urosolic acid oleanolicv acid, (e) orthosiphonone A orthosiphonone B, (f) orthosiphol A orthosiphol B, (g) myo-inositol, (h) neoorthosiphol A neoorthosiphol B, (i) betulinic acid β-elemene, (j) β-caryophyllene caffeic acid, (k) sinensetin tetra-methyl scutellarein, (l) eupatorin cirsimaritin, (m) acetovanillochromene orthochromene A, (n) methylripario chromene agermacrene-D, (o) β-selinen α-cadinol, (p) choline betaine, (q) O-cyamenea-terpineol, (r) lyrol valencene, dan (s) nephthalin camphor α-elemene(Singh et al 2015).CONCLUSIONS Orthosiphon stamineus have two varieties called purple varieties (purple colored flowers) and white varieties (white colored flowers). Orthosiphon stamineus produces terpenoid compounds and phenol compounds such as isopimaran, flavonoid, ., Shaari, A.R., & Azimi.…”

Evaluation of Antiurolithic Herbal Formula for Urolithiasis: A Randomized Open-Label Clinical Study

“…Diuretic activity of O. stamineus at dose of 50 mg/kg bw equivalent with HCT at dose of 10 mg/kg bw [25]. It has ability to prevent forming calcium crystal [26].…”

ENHANCEMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF SINENSETIN EXTRACT FROM Orthosiphon stamineus USING SUPERCRTITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION

“…In addition, researchers also found scientific evidences on health benefits of O. stamineus extract such as diuretic and hypouricemic effect [2], anti-infective activity [3], anti-hyperglycemic activity [4] and anti-diabetic activity [5]. These evidences are associated with the presence of main secondary metabolites in O. stamineus extract such as rosmarinic acid, eupatorin, 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) and sinensetin [6].…”