A Review of the Melting Curves of Transition Metals at High Pressures Using Static Compression Techniques

Parisiades, Paraskevas

doi:10.3390/cryst11040416

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 238 publications

(490 reference statements)

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“…In this technique, a direct observation of movements on the sample surface, assigned to the transformation of solid Cr into liquid Cr, was used as a melting diagnostic without any other structural characterization. Just like in other cases obtained using the same melting diagnostic 2 , 13 , 38 , the reported melting curve appeared to belong to the so called “low” melting curves 39 , 40 which virtually flattens out at 1 Mbar and for which the determined is much lower than that extracted from shock compression data. Furthermore, the reported Cr melting curve appeared to virtually coincide with the melting curve of V. The latter, after recently being very thoroughly re-measured using a state-of-the-art technique 24 has been shown to have been originally underestimated, whereby the most recently determined melting curve belongs to the so-called “high” melting curves 39 , 40 , in agreement with shock measurements.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium

Anzellini

Errandonea

Burakovsky

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram of chromium has been investigated both experimentally (in situ), using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell technique coupled with synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, and theoretically, using ab initio density-functional theory simulations. In the pressure–temperature range covered experimentally (up to 90 GPa and 4500 K, respectively) only the solid body-centred-cubic and liquid phases of chromium have been observed. Experiments and computer calculations give melting curves in agreement with each other that can both be described by the Simon–Glatzel equation $$T_{m}(P) = 2136K (1 + P/25.9)^{0.41}$$ T m ( P ) = 2136 K ( 1 + P / 25.9 ) 0.41 . In addition, a quasi-hydrostatic equation of state at ambient temperature has been experimentally characterized up to 131 GPa and compared with the present simulations. Both methods give very similar third-order Birch–Murnaghan equations of state with bulk moduli of 182–185 GPa and respective pressure derivatives of 4.74–5.15. According to the present calculations, the obtained melting curve and equation of state are valid up to at least 815 GPa, at which pressure the melting temperature is 9310 K. Finally, from the obtained results, it was possible to determine a thermal equation of state of chromium valid up to 65 GPa and 2100 K.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium

Anzellini

Errandonea

Burakovsky

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Notably, in the case of the AT–GC construct, the decrease appears to occur in two steps separated by an inflection point (“kink”) around 45 °C. The dashed and solid lines are fits of the data in Figure B for i 1 + 3 = f to single and double Hill functions, − respectively. Expressions for the Hill functions are given in the Materials and Methods section; they are conventionally used to model the fraction of (non-covalently) bound pairs of interacting macromolecules in a solution as a function of temperature.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of End-to-End Base Stacking Interactions in Highly Concentrated DNA Solutions

et al. 2023

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Positionally ordered bilayer liquid crystalline nanostructures formed by gapped DNA (GDNA) constructs provide a practical window into DNA–DNA interactions at physiologically relevant DNA concentrations; concentrations several orders of magnitude greater than those in commonly used biophysical assays. The bilayer structure of these states of matter is stabilized by end-to-end base stacking interactions; moreover, such interactions also promote in-plane positional ordering of duplexes that are separated from each other by less than twice the duplex diameter. The end-to-end stacked as well as in-plane ordered duplexes exhibit distinct signatures when studied via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). This enables analysis of the thermal stability of both the end-to-end and side-by-side interactions. We performed synchrotron SAXS experiments over a temperature range of 5–65 °C on GDNA constructs that differ only by the terminal base-pairs at the blunt duplex ends, resulting in identical side-by-side interactions, while end-to-end base stacking interactions are varied. Our key finding is that bilayers formed by constructs with GC termination transition into the monolayer state at temperatures as much as 30 °C higher than for those with AT termination, while mixed (AT/GC) terminations have intermediate stability. By modeling the bilayer melting in terms of a temperature-dependent reduction in the average fraction of end-to-end paired duplexes, we estimate the stacking free energies in DNA solutions of physiologically relevant concentrations. The free-energies thereby determined are generally smaller than those reported in single-molecule studies, which might reflect the elevated DNA concentrations in our studies.

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“…The dashed and solid lines are fits of the data in Fig. 3B for �𝑖𝑖 1+3 = 𝑓𝑓 to single and double Hill functions, [25][26][27] respectively. Expressions for the Hill functions are given in the Materials and Methods section; they are conventionally used to model the fraction of (non-covalently) bound pairs of interacting macromolecules in a solution as a function of temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of End-to-End Base Stacking Interactions in Highly Concentrated DNA Solutions

Kodikara

Gyawali

Gleeson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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At sufficiently high concentrations, gapped DNA (GDNA) constructs - two duplex arms connected by a flexible single stranded linker - form layered (smectic) liquid crystalline (LC) phases, whose nature and stability depend on both end-to-end stacking and side-by-side electrostatic interactions between the duplex arms. We performed synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments over 5-65 C on GDNA constructs that differ only by the terminal base-pairs at the blunt ends of the duplex arms. Two smectic phases are generally observed at the DNA concentrations studied: a bilayer phase at lower temperature, where the duplexes are stacked end-to-end and also positionally ordered within the layers (smectic-B phase), and a monolayer phase at higher temperature with single duplex layer spacing and short-range order within layers (smectic-A phase). Our key finding is that the stability of the bilayer phase varies remarkably among constructs that differ only in their terminal base-pairs. Bilayers formed by constructs with GC termination at both blunt duplex ends melt into the monolayer phase at temperatures up to 30 C higher than for those with AT termination, while mixed (AT/GC) terminations have intermediate stability. Correlating this compositional variation with macroscopic effects on the thermal stability of the bilayer smectic phase enables us to determine the relative strength of base pair specific, end-to-end stacking interactions. Modeling the bilayer melting in terms of a temperature-dependent reduction in the average fraction of end-to-end paired duplexes enables us to estimate stacking free energies in solutions of duplexes at physiologically relevant DNA concentrations.

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A Review of the Melting Curves of Transition Metals at High Pressures Using Static Compression Techniques

Cited by 30 publications

References 238 publications

Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium

Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium

Stability of End-to-End Base Stacking Interactions in Highly Concentrated DNA Solutions

Stability of End-to-End Base Stacking Interactions in Highly Concentrated DNA Solutions

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