A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects

Sunderland, Elsie M.; Hu, Xindi C.; Dassuncao, Clifton; Tokranov, Andrea K; Wagner, Charlotte C.; Allen, Joseph G.

doi:10.1038/s41370-018-0094-1

Cited by 1,605 publications

(983 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…; Sunderland et al. ). Classifying PFAS as hazardous substances would trigger regulation of their manufacture and use.…”

Section: What Are Pfas and Where Are They Found?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Estimates show that 5 million or more Americans have been exposed to these chemicals in their drinking water (USEPA 2019). Secondary sources include wild and farmed meat and crops that have taken up contaminated water, interaction with consumer products that contain PFAS, and background atmospheric deposition (Ahrens and Bundschuh 2014;Sunderland et al 2018). Human exposure through consumption of harvested fish and wildlife is a growing concern (MDN 2018; NJDEP 2018).…”

Section: What Are the Dangers Of Pfas For Human Health And The Aquatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States, at the time of this writing, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not yet classified PFAS compounds as hazardous substances, despite considerable evidence, as we have outlined in the previous section, showing the harmful effects of some of these compounds (i.e., PFOS and PFOA; Han and Fang 2010;Fletcher et al 2013;Sunderland et al 2018). Classifying PFAS as hazardous substances would trigger regulation of their manufacture and use.…”

Section: How Are Pfas Regulated and How Are Humans And The Environmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Anglers May Be Exposed to Harmful Chemicals in Their Catch

Fraley

Arthur

et al. 2020

Fisheries

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In this review, we focus on per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), synthetic compounds used for a variety of applications, including firefighting foam and manufacturing. Recently, researchers have linked human exposure to PFAS to negative health effects. Hundreds of communities are affected by PFAS contamination, which has raised awareness about the toxicity of these chemicals. Most work has focused on characterizing dangers to humans, and the effects of PFAS on the environment are under‐studied. PFAS contamination of surface water can result in bioaccumulation and biomagnification in fishes. Studies have linked PFAS to lower fitness in fishes, and anglers who consume wild fish can have higher exposure to PFAS compared to the general population. These chemicals remain largely unregulated and the public has been unaware of the extent of contamination and their risk to human health until recently. We review known PFAS contamination of wild‐caught fish, and their possible health risk through angler exposure in the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska. The conclusions and recommendations from the case study can be applied to and are useful for PFAS‐contaminated communities nationwide.

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“…; Sunderland et al. ). Classifying PFAS as hazardous substances would trigger regulation of their manufacture and use.…”

Section: What Are Pfas and Where Are They Found?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: What Are the Dangers Of Pfas For Human Health And The Aquatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Are Pfas Regulated and How Are Humans And The Environmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Anglers May Be Exposed to Harmful Chemicals in Their Catch

Fraley

Arthur

et al. 2020

Fisheries

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“…Similarly, human epidemiological studies have indicated correlations between PFAS exposure and physiological, immunological, and developmental problems (Guelfo et al 2018 ;Sunderland et al 2018 ). An example of developmental effects was presented by Jeddy et al ( 2017 ), where higher concentration of PFAS in maternal serum was associated with lower vocabulary and language skills in children from 15 to 38 months of age.…”

Section: What Are the Dangers Of Pfas For Human Health And The Aquatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates show that 5 million or more Americans have been exposed to these chemicals in their drinking water (USEPA 2019 ). Secondary sources include wild and farmed meat and crops that have taken up contaminated water, interaction with consumer products that contain PFAS, and background atmospheric deposition (Ahrens and Bundschuh 2014 ;Sunderland et al 2018 ). Human exposure through consumption of harvested fi sh and wildlife is a growing concern (MDN 2018 ; NJDEP 2018 ).…”

Section: What Are the Dangers Of Pfas For Human Health And The Aquatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fisheries Volume 45 Number 3 March 2020

2020

Fisheries

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Association of Early Pregnancy Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure With Birth Outcomes

Zhang,

Mustieles,

Sun

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePrenatal perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to adverse birth outcomes. Previous research showed that higher folate concentrations are associated with lower blood PFAS concentrations in adolescents and adults. Further studies are needed to explore whether prenatal folate status mitigates PFAS-related adverse birth outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine whether prenatal folate status modifies the negative associations between pregnancy PFAS concentrations, birth weight, and gestational age previously observed in a US cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a prospective design, a prebirth cohort of mothers or pregnant women was recruited between April 1999 and November 2002, in Project Viva, a study conducted in eastern Massachusetts. Statistical analyses were performed from May 24 and October 25, 2022.ExposurePlasma concentrations of 6 PFAS compounds were measured in early pregnancy (median gestational week, 9.6). Folate status was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire and measured in plasma samples collected in early pregnancy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBirth weight and gestational age, abstracted from delivery records; birth weight z score, standardized by gestational age and infant sex; low birth weight, defined as birth weight less than 2500 g; and preterm birth, defined as birth at less than 37 completed gestational weeks.ResultsThe cohort included a total of 1400 mother-singleton pairs. The mean (SD) age of the mothers was 32.21 (4.89) years. Most of the mothers were White (73.2%) and had a college degree or higher (69.1%). Early pregnancy plasma perfluorooctanoic acid concentration was associated with lower birth weight and birth weight z score only among mothers whose dietary folate intake (birth weight: β, −89.13 g; 95% CI, −166.84 to −11.42 g; birth weight z score: −0.13; 95% CI, −0.26 to −0.003) or plasma folate concentration (birth weight: −87.03 g; 95% CI, −180.11 to 6.05 g; birth weight z score: −0.14; 95% CI, −0.30 to 0.02) were below the 25th percentile (dietary: 660 μg/d, plasma: 14 ng/mL). No associations were found among mothers in the higher folate level groups, although the tests for heterogeneity did not reject the null. Associations between plasma perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) concentrations and lower birth weight, and between PFNA and earlier gestational age were noted only among mothers whose prenatal dietary folate intake or plasma folate concentration was in the lowest quartile range. No associations were found among mothers in higher folate status quartile groups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large, US prebirth cohort, early pregnancy exposure to select PFAS compounds was associated with adverse birth outcomes only among mothers below the 25th percentile of prenatal dietary or plasma folate levels.

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A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects

Cited by 1,605 publications

References 153 publications

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Anglers May Be Exposed to Harmful Chemicals in Their Catch

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Anglers May Be Exposed to Harmful Chemicals in Their Catch

Fisheries Volume 45 Number 3 March 2020

Association of Early Pregnancy Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure With Birth Outcomes

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