A review of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties ofAmauroderma rugosum

Abstract

Amauroderma rugosum (AR) is a basidiomycete in the Ganodermataceae family that has been used traditionally to prevent epileptic attacks and constant crying in babies. However, AR has not been widely studied scientifically. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical components and pharmacological properties of AR that have been reported in the literature. Chemical analyses have revealed that the components of AR include sterols, flavonoids, fatty acids and esters, aromatic acids and esters, phenols, polysaccharides, and triterpenes. Pharmacological properties of AR include antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti‐cancer, anti‐hyperlipidemic, anti‐epileptic, and antibacterial effects. These findings suggest that AR and its bioactive ingredients have potential therapeutic applications, particularly for age‐related diseases.

Amauroderma rugosum Extract Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha/Interferon Gamma-Induced HaCaT Keratinocytes

“…It has been suggested that AR possesses anti-inflammatory properties. In Asian countries, such as China, AR is used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of acute or chronic nephritis [ 9 ]. Moreover, an in vitro study has reported that AR can reduce the gene expression of TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells [ 4 ].…”

“…Antioxidant compounds have been widely proposed for the prevention of various skin disorders [ 27 , 28 ]. Antioxidant effect is the most reported bioactivity of AR [ 9 ]. Consistently, the present study also demonstrated the antioxidant effects of AR aqueous extract in HaCaT keratinocytes.…”

“…In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, AR downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, while upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 [ 4 ]. AR contains sterols, flavonoids, fatty acids, aromatic acids, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and triterpenes [ 9 ]. Interestingly, the antioxidant effect of AR is higher than that of Ganoderma lucidum , which is the most common and widely studied mushroom in the Ganodermataceae family.…”

“…In addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, AR also possesses anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects [ 9 ]. Organic solvents such as methanol and ethyl acetate have been used for the extraction of AR in most of the aforementioned studies.…”

Antioxidant Activities of Enriched Polysaccharide Fractions from Mycelia of Amauroderma subresinosum

“…5 Several Ganodermataceae species, such as G. amboinense, G. australe, G. applanatum, G. lucidum, G. lingzhi, G. sinense, G. tsugae, and A. rugosum, have been cultured to collect polysaccharides from the mycelia. [6][7][8][9][10][11] A. subresinosum is a species belonging to the Amauroderma genus in the Ganodermataceae family, which is classified under the Polyporales order. It is commonly found in tropical regions.…”