A review of the pre‐oviposition behaviour of small cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae(lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Hern, Alan; Edwards‐Jones, Gareth; McKinlay, R. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1996.tb07328.x

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Alternatively, it is possible that females are plastically altering dispersal strategies depending on the quality of their larval diet, which has been seen in other species of butterflies (53,54). If females reared on higher-sodium diets perceive these resources as higher quality, it may pay to invest less in flight and dispersal and instead, invest more in searching locally (55,56). However, experiments are needed to determine whether the pattern in females is adaptive or simply a stress response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic changes in sodium affect neural and muscle development in butterflies

Snell‐Rood

Espeset

Boser

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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The development of organisms is changing drastically because of anthropogenic changes in once-limited nutrients. Although the importance of changing macronutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, is well-established, it is less clear how anthropogenic changes in micronutrients will affect organismal development, potentially changing dynamics of selection. We use butterflies as a study system to test whether changes in sodium availability due to road salt runoff have significant effects on the development of sodium-limited traits, such as neural and muscle tissue. We first document how road salt runoff can elevate sodium concentrations in the tissue of some plant groups by 1.5-30 times. Using monarch butterflies reared on roadside-and prairie-collected milkweed, we then show that road salt runoff can result in increased muscle mass (in males) and neural investment (in females). Finally, we use an artificial diet manipulation in cabbage white butterflies to show that variation in sodium chloride per se positively affects male flight muscle and female brain size. Variation in sodium not only has different effects depending on sex, but also can have opposing effects on the same tissue: across both species, males increase investment in flight muscle with increasing sodium, whereas females show the opposite pattern. Taken together, our results show that anthropogenic changes in sodium availability can affect the development of traits in roadside-feeding herbivores. This research suggests that changing micronutrient availability could alter selection on foraging behavior for some roadside-developing invertebrates.nutritional ecology | Danaus plexippus | Pieris rapae | ecological stoichiometry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic changes in sodium affect neural and muscle development in butterflies

Snell‐Rood

Espeset

Boser

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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“…De Vos et al (2008) showed that ovipositing P. rapae preferred isothiocyanate-producing Arabidopsis Col-0 plants over 35S:ESP plants, even when the plants were not damaged. Numerous studies have shown that the nonvolatile glucosinolates serve as oviposition stimulants for P. rapae and closely related species (overview given by Chew and Renwick 1995;Hern et al 1996;Schoonhoven et al 2005). However, given that most glucosinolate hydrolysis products are volatile, while the parent glucosinolates are not, the hydrolysis products might be important cues for P. rapae at an earlier stage of the host location process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

et al. 2008

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The glucosinolate-myrosinase system, found in plants of the order Brassicales, has long been considered an effective defense system against herbivores. The defensive potential of glucosinolates is mainly due to the products formed after myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis upon tissue damage. The most prominent hydrolysis products, the isothiocyanates, are toxic to a wide range of organisms, including herbivorous lepidopterans. In contrast, little is known about the biological activities of alternative hydrolysis products such as simple nitriles and epithionitriles that are formed at the expense of isothiocyanates in the presence of epithiospecifier proteins (ESPs). Here, we used transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) plants overexpressing ESP (35S:ESP plants) to investigate the effects of simple nitriles on direct and indirect defense against the specialist cabbage white butterfly Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). In the 35S:ESP plants, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed mainly to simple nitriles upon tissue disruption, while isothiocyanates are the predominant hydrolysis products in Columbia-0 (Col-0) wild-type plants. The parasitoid Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a specialist on P. rapae larvae, was significantly more attracted to P. rapaeinfested 35S:ESP plants than to P. rapae-infested Col-0 wild-type plants in a wind tunnel setup. Furthermore, female P. rapae butterflies laid more eggs on Col-0 wild-type plants than on 35S:ESP plants when the plants had been damaged previously. However, when given a choice to feed on 35S: ESP or Col-0 plants, caterpillars did not discriminate between the two genotypes. Growth rate and developmental time were not significantly different between caterpillars that were reared on 35S:ESP or Col-0 plants. Thus, the production of simple nitriles instead of isothiocyanates, as catalyzed by ESP, can promote both direct and indirect defense against the specialist herbivore P. rapae.

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“…P. rapae is a cosmopolitan species, which is widespread throughout Europe, Asia and North America. The damage to foliage caused by P. rapae is slight, although it can be severe in seasons with a high infestation of caterpillars (Hern et al, 1996). P. napi is spread throughout the northern hemisphere ranging from North America, Europe and Asia to North Africa.…”

Section: The Cabbage White Butterflies (Pieris Brassicae Pieris Rapamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the four different crucifer-specific compounds tested towards perception of P. rapae, phenylacetonitrile elicited a higher response than ally1 isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (Hern et al, 1996). Furthermore, P. rapae is considered to be an important pollinator for many plant species, since the butterfly occurs three to four times a year and tends to visit a diversity of flowers (Ômura et al, 1999).…”

Section: Host Plants (Brassica Spp)-herbivores (Pieris Spp)-parasitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review

Ahuja

Rohloff

Bones

2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

217

165

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-Brassica crops are grown worldwide for oil, food and feed purposes, and constitute a significant economic value due to their nutritional, medicinal, bioindustrial, biocontrol and crop rotation properties. Insect pests cause enormous yield and economic losses in Brassica crop production every year, and are a threat to global agriculture. In order to overcome these insect pests, Brassica species themselves use multiple defence mechanisms, which can be constitutive, inducible, induced, direct or indirect depending upon the insect or the degree of insect attack. Firstly, we give an overview of different Brassica species with the main focus on cultivated brassicas. Secondly, we describe insect pests that attack brassicas. Thirdly, we address multiple defence mechanisms, with the main focus on phytoalexins, sulphur, glucosinolates, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system and their breakdown products. In order to develop pest control strategies, it is important to study the chemical ecology, and insect behaviour. We review studies on oviposition regulation, multitrophic interactions involving feeding and host selection behaviour of parasitoids and predators of herbivores on brassicas. Regarding oviposition and trophic interactions, we outline insect oviposition behaviour, the importance of chemical stimulation, oviposition-deterring pheromones, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and phytoalexins and their importance towards pest management. Finally, we review brassicas as cover and trap crops, and as biocontrol, biofumigant and biocidal agents against insects and pathogens. Again, we emphasise glucosinolates, their breakdown products, and plant volatile compounds as key components in these processes, which have been considered beneficial in the past and hold great prospects for the future with respect to an integrated pest management.Brassicas / insect pests / chemical ecology / trophic levels / glucosinolates / isothiocyanates / defence mechanisms / biocontrol / trap crops / integrated pest management

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A review of the pre‐oviposition behaviour of small cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae(lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Cited by 58 publications

References 95 publications

Anthropogenic changes in sodium affect neural and muscle development in butterflies

Anthropogenic changes in sodium affect neural and muscle development in butterflies

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review

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