A review of the radiation stability of ion exchange materials

Effect of gamma radiation on organic ion exchangers

“…Radiation affects are directly related to the absorbed dose and the dose rate. Radiation doses of the order of 10 5 -10 6 Gy significantly alter the properties of resins (Pillay, 1986). Exposure of the resin to gamma radiation causes change in color, particle size and shape of the resin beads, loss of strong-acid capacity, formation of weak exchangeable groups and de-crosslinking.…”

“…Due to radiation damage, ion exchange properties of the resins may change, affecting the separation scheme. Much of the work concerning radiation damage on individual resins has been summarized by Marinsky and Pillay (Marinsky and Guiffrida, 1957;Pillay, 1986). The physical and chemical properties of the resins may be radically altered by processes involving attack on the polymer network or by processes producing a change in the number and types of functional groups on the resins.…”

Experimental design approach for identification of the factors influencing the γ-radiolysis of ion exchange resins

“…No trace of SO 2g has been found. Its formation has been rarely reported in the literature (Pillay, 1986). In anaerobic or aerobic environments, if SO 2g was formed, it was trapped in the interstitial water because of its high solubility in water and appeared in ionic form (SO 2 À 4aq ).…”

“…Several papers in the literature have shown that radiation damage of ion exchange resins could depend on the absorbed dose, the dose rate, and the irradiation atmosphere, and that the combination of these factors leads to different results according the nature of the resin, used pure or in mixed bed. Moreover, several studies (Pillay, 1986;Gangwer et al, 1977;Swyler et al, 1983a;Ichikawa and Hagiwara, 1973) reported that gamma irradiation at doses exceeding 0.1 MGy mainly altered the properties of ion exchange resins (principally the anion resins). Gamma rays led to direct radiolysis of these resins, resulting in the scission of functional groups and the formation of radical products, or to an indirect radiolytic effect through interactions, which could occur between the resin and its degradation products.…”

“…In comparison with the dry resin, the H 2g production was increased by radiolytic decomposition of soluble amines that leach from the resin to the water and trimethylamine contributed strongly to the excess H 2g production (Baidak and LaVerne, 2010). The off-gases from cation exchange resins were generally molecular hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and traces of carbon monoxide (Pillay, 1986;Swyler et al, 1983a,b;Mohorčič et al, 1974). Several studies have demonstrated that air, oxygen and moisture accelerated decomposition of cation exchangers (Swyler et al, 1983a;Nikashina et al, 1959;Dessouki et al, 1989;Mohorčič et al, 1974;Semushin et al, 1950).…”