A Review of the Recent Advances in Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate Technology and its Composites

Abt, Tobias; Sánchez‐Soto, Miguel

doi:10.1080/10408436.2016.1160820

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 187 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…When conducted in bulk, these polymerizations were usually performed at relatively low temperatures (<150 °C) due to the low melting point of the monomers employed . Because of the high melting temperature of CBT, bulk polymerization of CBT has to be carried out at temperatures of 180 °C or higher . Hence, thermal degradation of some organic catalysts may happen that would be detrimental to the good progress of the polymerization reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the macrolactone family, Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate oligomers (CBT) are semi‐aromatic cyclic esters commercialized by Cyclics Corporation that can be polymerized to produce PBT, a semi‐crystalline polymer ( T m ≈ 225 °C) with a high T g ( T g ≈ 65 °C) . CBT have been the subject of a growing interest over the past ten years because their water‐like viscosity (0.03 Pa·s) in the molten state ( T m = 160–190 °C) allows impregnating fibers for reinforcement and subsequent production of PBT composites . In addition, the fast kinetics observed for the entropically‐driven ROP of CBT, within minutes, enables a variety of techniques to be employed, such as reaction injection molding (RIM), resin transfer molding (RTM) or rotational molding (RM) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CBT have been the subject of a growing interest over the past ten years because their water‐like viscosity (0.03 Pa·s) in the molten state ( T m = 160–190 °C) allows impregnating fibers for reinforcement and subsequent production of PBT composites . In addition, the fast kinetics observed for the entropically‐driven ROP of CBT, within minutes, enables a variety of techniques to be employed, such as reaction injection molding (RIM), resin transfer molding (RTM) or rotational molding (RM) . Complementary to their use as a precursor for thermoplastic matrix in composites, CBT has also been polymerized with the aim at producing nano‐composites, polymer blends, or copolymers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organocatalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers

Pinaud

Tang

Gimello

et al. 2017

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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In this study, various organic compounds, with different activation modes, have been tested as catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers (CBT) in bulk at 210 °C, using tert‐butylbenzyl alcohol (tBnOH) as initiator. Among them, 1,3,5‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) appeared to be the most efficient, achieving high monomer conversions in short reaction times (within minutes). Analysis by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) of the poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) synthesized using this catalyst also showed that the polymerization follows the expected theoretical Mn trend for molecular weights up to 50 kg·mol−1. Chain‐end fidelity relatively to the alcohol initiator has been confirmed by MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy, which showed that all polymer chains possess the tert‐butylbenzyl moiety as chain‐end. Finally, to demonstrate the potential of this system for the synthesis of PBT‐based block copolymers, a monomethyl ether poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of 5000 g·mol−1 has been employed as initiator for the ROP of CBT. A PEO‐b‐PBT block copolymer of 15,000 g·mol−1 could thus been obtained, as confirmed by the shift of the SEC traces towards higher molecular weights and the same diffusion coefficient determined for 1H NMR signals of the PEO block and the PBT block. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1611–1619

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Organocatalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers

Pinaud

Tang

Gimello

et al. 2017

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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“…Cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT), as a macrocyclic oligomer, is one of these substances. It can be found in conventional polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) produced by polycondensation at levels of 0.25–2 wt % and can be produced in larger scales for example via cyclo-depolymerization of conventional PBT [ 1 , 2 ]. Due to its relatively low molecular weight it has a water-like melt viscosity (about 0.03 Pas at 190 °C) and the ability to polymerize into PBT (usually denoted as pCBT in the literature) in the presence of a suitable catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate Oligomer-Containing Rubbers: Effect of Mixing Temperature

Halász

Bárány

2016

Materials

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In this work, the effect of mixing temperature (Tmix) on the mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of rubber/cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) oligomer compounds was studied. Apolar (styrene butadiene rubber, SBR) and polar (acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, NBR) rubbers were modified by CBT (20 phr) for reinforcement and viscosity reduction. The mechanical properties were determined in tensile, tear, and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMTA) tests. The CBT-caused viscosity changes were assessed by parallel-plate rheometry. The morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CBT became better dispersed in the rubber matrices with elevated mixing temperatures (at which CBT was in partially molten state), which resulted in improved tensile properties. With increasing mixing temperature the size of the CBT particles in the compounds decreased significantly, from few hundred microns to 5–10 microns. Compounding at temperatures above 120 °C and 140 °C for NBR and SBR, respectively, yielded reduced tensile mechanical properties most likely due to the degradation of the base rubber. The viscosity reduction by CBT was more pronounced in mixes with coarser CBT dispersions prepared at lower mixing temperatures.

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“…В некоторых случаях это приводит к нежелательным побочным реакциям. Другая проблема заключается в наличии в смеси циклических олигомеров небольшого числа олигомеров с высокой температурой плавления и низкой растворимостью, которые не участвуют в полимеризации и не полностью включаются в линейный полимер [34].…”

Section: полимеризация олигомеров цбт с открытием кольцаunclassified

Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate and Promising Field of Application

Chukov¹,

Mikitaev²,

Ligidov³

et al. 2017

IVUZKKT

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Due to its unique characteristics, cyclic butylene terephthalate is used in novel developments of chemical industry. This article represents the review of the latest achievements in the field of processing, structure, properties of cyclic butylene terephthalate, its physical and chemical modifications as well as composites and nanocomposites based on it. In recent years, cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers have drawn the attention of scientists. The oligomers can be acquired through the chemical reaction of cyclo-depolymerization and used as materials for ring-opening polymerization reactions. This method of polymerization has a variety of advantages compared to a standard method of synthesis polyesters. One of the main advantages of this method includes the capability to make polymerization reactions at standard atmospheric pressure, low required temperature, no side effects and obtaining a completely finished product as an outcome. The unique qualities of cyclic butylene terephthalate make it a promising material to be used as matrix for a variety of nano- and microcomposites and super concentrate. This study analyzes some of the examples of applying CBT as a super concentrate for creating materials like carbon nanotubes, laminated silicates, carbon fibers and glass fibers. In the majority of studies, the addition of nano-sized fillers into CBT leads to amplification of mechanical properties. In the cases of usage as fillers for carbon fibers and glass fibers, the possibility of replacing thermosetting resins with CBT is currently being researched. It could possibly lead to increase in manufacturability of carbon fibers and fiberglass and increase its possible area of application. Cyclic butylene terephthalate can also be used as a viscosity modifier for synthetic rubbers. In this case it can be both plasticizer and enhancing agent.For citation:Chukov N.A., Mikitaev M.A., Ligidov M.Kh., Bashorov M.T., Shogenov V.N., Pakhomov S.I. Cyclic butylene terephthalate and promising field of application. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 4-13.

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A Review of the Recent Advances in Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate Technology and its Composites

Cited by 28 publications

References 187 publications

Organocatalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers

Organocatalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers

Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate Oligomer-Containing Rubbers: Effect of Mixing Temperature

Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate and Promising Field of Application

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