A Review of the Roles of Apelin and ELABELA Peptide Ligands in Cardiovascular Disease, Including Heart Failure and Hypertension

Rozwadowski, Jan; Borodzicz-Jażdżyk, Sonia; Czarzasta, Katarzyna; Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska, Agnieszka

doi:10.12659/msm.938112

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Apelin plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system. Under normal conditions, it enhances cardiac contractility, increases stroke volume, causes vasodilation, promotes diuresis and lowers blood pressure [33]. This system is expressed in various human tissues and organs, including the heart [33].…”

Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters in Heart Failure

Wróbel-Nowicka,

Wojciechowska,

Jacheć

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Heart failure (HF) remains a major medical and social problem. The NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and its active form, brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), in a simple blood test are the gold-standard biomarkers for HF diagnosis. However, even good biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides fail to predict all the risks associated with HF due to the diversity of the mechanisms involved. The pathophysiology of HF is determined by numerous factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, neuroendocrine activation, pathological angiogenesis, changes in apoptotic pathways, fibrosis and vascular remodeling. High readmission and mortality rates prompt a search for new markers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HF. Oxidative-stress-mediated inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of subsequent changes in the failing heart and provides a new insight into this complex mechanism. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers appear to be a promising diagnostic and prognostic tool in patients with HF. This systematic review provides an overview of the current knowledge about oxidative stress and inflammation parameters as markers of HF.

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Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under normal conditions, it enhances cardiac contractility, increases stroke volume, causes vasodilation, promotes diuresis and lowers blood pressure [33]. This system is expressed in various human tissues and organs, including the heart [33]. Apelin exists in various isoforms, with apelin-36 being a prominent one.…”

Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters in Heart Failure

Wróbel-Nowicka,

Wojciechowska,

Jacheć

et al. 2024

Medicina

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“…Apelin: Apelin is a neuropeptide produced as a precursor of 77-amino acid named preproapelin, which, after clivation at the C-terminus, yields the following active peptides: apelin-13, -16, -17, -19 and -36 [78]. The isoform -13 is the most biologically potent form, while all peptides are widely expressed in various human tissue types, predominantly in adipose tissue [79]. The functions of apelin are mediated by binding to a G-protein-coupled receptor called APJ [80].…”

Section: General Characteristics and Functions Of Adipokines And Thei...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Network between Adipocytokines and Inflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review

Nigro,

D’Agnano,

Quarcio

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Adipose tissue is actually regarded as an endocrine organ, rather than as an organ that merely stores energy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, obesity has undoubtedly emerged as one of the most important risk factors for disease severity and poor outcomes related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aberrant production of cytokine-like hormones, called adipokines, may contribute to alterations in metabolism, dysfunction in vascular endothelium and the creation of a state of general chronic inflammation. Moreover, chronic, low-grade inflammation linked to obesity predisposes the host to immunosuppression and excessive cytokine activation. In this respect, understanding the mechanisms that link obesity with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection could represent a real game changer in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Our review therefore examines the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, the implications with visceral adipose tissue and the influences of the adipose tissue and its adipokines on the clinical behavior of COVID-19.

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“…Studies have shown that the expression of serum apelin and type Ⅱ transmembrane glycoprotein (CD40L) is closely related to the development of cardiovascular dis-eases; these compounds have attracted wide research attention [12][13][14]. Apelin is an endogenous ligand of angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-related protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Serum Apelin and CD40L Expression Levels on Adverse Cardiovascular Events after PCI

Zhang,

Liu,

Liu

2024

HSF

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of serum levels of apelin and CD40L on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A case–control study was conducted to select patients undergoing PCI in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2022. Patients were divided into the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group according to whether MACEs occurred during the 12-month follow-up after surgery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of serum apelin and CD40L in the two groups, and the correlation between the expression of apelin and CD40L and prognosis was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the indicators with differences to analyze the influencing factors of the prognosis of PCI. Results: Compared with the non-occurrence group, the occurrence group had a significantly lower level of apelin and a significantly higher level of CD40L (p < 0.001). Apelin was negatively correlated with the occurrence of MACEs after PCI (r = –0.583, p < 0.001), and CD40L was positively correlated with the occurrence of MACEs after PCI (r = 0.569, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that apelin was a protective factor for MACEs after PCI (odds ratio (OR) = 0.248, p < 0.001); CD40L, age, hypertension, and the number of diseased vessels were risk factors for MACEs after PCI (OR = 8.684, 0.018, 0.003, 0.020, p < 0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of apelin combined with CD40L was large, and the predictive value was higher than that of apelin and CD40L alone (AUC values were 0.956, 0.857, 0.905, p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that the levels of apelin and CD40L were correlated with MACEs after PCI. Clinicians should pay close attention to the levels of apelin and CD40L in patients after PCI and be alert to the occurrence of MACEs.

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A Review of the Roles of Apelin and ELABELA Peptide Ligands in Cardiovascular Disease, Including Heart Failure and Hypertension

Cited by 10 publications

References 77 publications

The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters in Heart Failure

The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters in Heart Failure

Exploring the Network between Adipocytokines and Inflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review

Influence of Serum Apelin and CD40L Expression Levels on Adverse Cardiovascular Events after PCI

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