A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Acarbose in Diabetes Mellitus

Yee, Helen S.; Fong, Nancy T.

doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1996.tb02997.x

Cited by 72 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Acarbose, an inhibitor of both, α-amylase and α-glucosidases, can delay the degradation of complex carbohydrates to absorbable monosaccharides [44]. However, acarbose is associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects such as flatulence, abdominal distension, and diarrhea, as a result of fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrates and augments the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas or insulin [45]. Interestingly, O.natrix has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in in vitro [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ononis natrix on glucose and lipid metabolism: An in vivo study

A. AL MTERIN,

ABOALHAIJA,

ZIHLIF

et al. 2024

jrp

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Several medicinal plants have been used historically and are claimed to be effective in either preventing or treating diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and the mechanism of O. natrix extract (ONE) as an antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agents in in vivo experiments. Lipid profile was analyzed using fully automated chemistry analyzer. Blood serum samples were used to measure high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The expression levels of AMPK alpha-2 and Glut-4 receptors in diabetic rats were investigated using Western blotting. Oral starch tolerance test (OSTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were determined for the plant extracts at three concentrations on Wistar rats. Acarbose or metformin and glipizide were used as positive controls. Blood glucose levels were measured at −30, 0, 45, 90 and 135 min.ONE (250mg/kg and 125 mg/kg), administered before or after induction of diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ), significantly (p<0.05) reduced the blood glucose level by applying preventive and treatment protocols. The expression levels of Glut-4 receptors were significantly increased in rats given ONE (250 mg and 125 mg/kg) compared to the diabetic rats after 8 days of treatment. ONE (250 mg/kg) enhanced significantly (p<0.05) starch tolerance area under the curve (AUC) and glucose tolerance AUC. O. natrix extracts can activate the Glut-4 receptor, and enhance the glucose and starch tolerance in experimental rats. Hence, this widely distributed species in Jordan can be considered as a potential candidate for management of diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ononis natrix on glucose and lipid metabolism: An in vivo study

A. AL MTERIN,

ABOALHAIJA,

ZIHLIF

et al. 2024

jrp

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“…These do not have a direct effect on insulin secretion or sensitivity. These work on the brush border of the intestine and cause cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, predisposition to bowel obstruction, and carbohydrate mal-absorption syndromes (Yee & Fong, 1996). These breakdown and absorb carbohydrates, such as dextrins, maltose, sucrose and starch; and no effect on glucose.…”

Section: α-Glucosidase Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents: Non-Insulin Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Mohajan,

Mohajan

2024

IST

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Among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, oral medications are called oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs), which are preferred over injections due to convenience and acceptability. These are a group of drugs that have been used successfully worldwide for controlling T2D patients to reduce the high blood sugar. These can be classified as either hypoglycaemic agents, such as sulfonylureas and benzoic acid derivatives or antihyperglycaemic agents, such as Biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and Thiazolidinediones. Most of these stimulate β-cells of the Islets of Langerhans within the pancreas to produce insulin. These should be taken at about the same time every day according to the advices of physician. The most common side-effects of OHAs are hypoglycaemia and weight gain.

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“…2 ) is an α-glycosidase inhibitor that delays the digestion of carbohydrates into absorbable monosaccharides, thereby reducing the postprandial blood glucose peak [ 54 ]. The most common side effect of acarbose is gastrointestinal issues such as bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and diarrhea [ 55 , 56 ]. Acarbose can also cause hypoglycemia, elevated liver enzymes, allergic reactions, and interference with digestion [ 57 , 58 ], although many people who take acarbose do not experience significant side effects.…”

Section: Effects Of Metformin Acarbose and Sglt-2 Inhibitor On Gut Mi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie restriction mimetic drugs could favorably influence gut microbiota leading to lifespan extension

Shintani

Sato

et al. 2023

GeroScience

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Calorie restriction (CR) can prolong human lifespan, but enforcing long-term CR is difficult. Thus, a drug that reproduces the effects of CR without CR is required. More than 10 drugs have been listed as CR mimetics (CRM), and some of which are conventionally categorized as upstream-type CRMs showing glycolytic inhibition, whereas the others are categorized as downstream-type CRMs that regulate or genetically modulate intracellular signaling proteins. Intriguingly, recent reports have revealed the beneficial effects of CRMs on the body such as improving the host body condition via intestinal bacteria and their metabolites. This beneficial effect of gut microbiota may lead to lifespan extension. Thus, CRMs may have a dual effect on longevity. However, no reports have collectively discussed them as CRMs; hence, our knowledge about CRM and its physiological effects on the host remains fragmentary. This study is the first to present and collectively discuss the accumulative evidence of CRMs improving the gut environments for healthy lifespan extension, after enumerating the latest scientific findings related to the gut microbiome and CR. The conclusion drawn from this discussion is that CRM may partially extend the lifespan through its effect on the gut microbiota. CRMs increase beneficial bacteria abundance by decreasing harmful bacteria rather than increasing the diversity of the microbiome. Thus, the effect of CRMs on the gut could be different from that of conventional prebiotics and seemed similar to that of next-generation prebiotics.

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A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Acarbose in Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 72 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of Ononis natrix on glucose and lipid metabolism: An in vivo study

Effects of Ononis natrix on glucose and lipid metabolism: An in vivo study

Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents: Non-Insulin Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Calorie restriction mimetic drugs could favorably influence gut microbiota leading to lifespan extension

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