A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

Shiokawa, K.; Georgieva, K.

doi:10.1186/s40645-021-00410-1

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 303 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…This review article is part of the collective effort made by the International Study of Earth-affecting Solar Transients (ISEST) project, which is one of the four research projects of the Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact (VarSITI)) program, sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) for the period of 2014 -2018. The VarSITI program is summarized in a companion article (Shiokawa and Katya 2020 to be added). The stated overarching goal of the ISEST project is to understand the origin, propagation, and evolution of solar transients through the space between the Sun and the Earth, and develop the prediction capability of space weather.…”

Section: Isest Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth-affecting solar transients: a review of progresses in solar cycle 24

Zhang

Temmer

Gopalswamy

et al. 2021

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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This review article summarizes the advancement in the studies of Earth-affecting solar transients in the last decade that encompasses most of solar cycle 24. It is a part of the effort of the International Study of Earth-affecting Solar Transients (ISEST) project, sponsored by the SCOSTEP/VarSITI program (2014–2018). The Sun-Earth is an integrated physical system in which the space environment of the Earth sustains continuous influence from mass, magnetic field, and radiation energy output of the Sun in varying timescales from minutes to millennium. This article addresses short timescale events, from minutes to days that directly cause transient disturbances in the Earth’s space environment and generate intense adverse effects on advanced technological systems of human society. Such transient events largely fall into the following four types: (1) solar flares, (2) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) including their interplanetary counterparts ICMEs, (3) solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and (4) stream interaction regions (SIRs) including corotating interaction regions (CIRs). In the last decade, the unprecedented multi-viewpoint observations of the Sun from space, enabled by STEREO Ahead/Behind spacecraft in combination with a suite of observatories along the Sun-Earth lines, have provided much more accurate and global measurements of the size, speed, propagation direction, and morphology of CMEs in both 3D and over a large volume in the heliosphere. Many CMEs, fast ones, in particular, can be clearly characterized as a two-front (shock front plus ejecta front) and three-part (bright ejecta front, dark cavity, and bright core) structure. Drag-based kinematic models of CMEs are developed to interpret CME propagation in the heliosphere and are applied to predict their arrival times at 1 AU in an efficient manner. Several advanced MHD models have been developed to simulate realistic CME events from the initiation on the Sun until their arrival at 1 AU. Much progress has been made on detailed kinematic and dynamic behaviors of CMEs, including non-radial motion, rotation and deformation of CMEs, CME-CME interaction, and stealth CMEs and problematic ICMEs. The knowledge about SEPs has also been significantly improved. An outlook of how to address critical issues related to Earth-affecting solar transients concludes this article.

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Section: Isest Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth-affecting solar transients: a review of progresses in solar cycle 24

Zhang

Temmer

Gopalswamy

et al. 2021

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…There are further indications that the ability to simulate stratospheric variability, whether in ozone, SSW occurrence or large-scale modes such as the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) leads to improvements elsewhere in the atmosphere/climate system (Baldwin et al 2018). For the top-down coupling, this would suggest that mesospheric and thermospheric chemical and dynamical processes contributing to stratospheric variability also need to be investigated-one of the questions to be addressed in PRESTO (Shiokawa and Georgieva 2021) is the predictability in sub-seasonal to decadal variability for the atmosphere and climate.…”

Section: Progress and Challenges In Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the development of new observational techniques, advances in the sophistication and computing power of models, and the generation of tools allowing processes from the Sun to the Earth to be visualized and analyzed. This evolution is reflected in the nature of recent Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) programs where investigation of the coupling between regions has been encouraged (see Shiokawa and Georgieva (2021)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role Of the Sun and the Middle atmosphere/thermosphere/ionosphere In Climate (ROSMIC): a retrospective and prospective view

Ward

Seppälä

Yiğit

et al. 2021

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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While knowledge of the energy inputs from the Sun (as it is the primary energy source) is important for understanding the solar-terrestrial system, of equal importance is the manner in which the terrestrial part of the system organizes itself in a quasi-equilibrium state to accommodate and re-emit this energy. The ROSMIC project (2014–2018 inclusive) was the component of SCOSTEP’s Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact (VarSITI) program which supported research into the terrestrial component of this system. The four themes supported under ROSMIC are solar influence on climate, coupling by dynamics, trends in the mesosphere lower thermosphere, and trends and solar influence in the thermosphere. Over the course of the VarSITI program, scientific advances were made in all four themes. This included improvements in understanding (1) the transport of photochemically produced species from the thermosphere into the lower atmosphere; (2) the manner in which waves produced in the lower atmosphere propagate upward and influence the winds, dynamical variability, and transport of constituents in the mesosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere; (3) the character of the long-term trends in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere; and (4) the trends and structural changes taking place in the thermosphere. This paper reviews the progress made in these four areas over the past 5 years and summarizes the anticipated research directions in these areas in the future. It also provides a physical context of the elements which maintain the structure of the terrestrial component of this system. The effects that changes to the atmosphere (such as those currently occurring as a result of anthropogenic influences) as well as plausible variations in solar activity may have on the solar terrestrial system need to be understood to support and guide future human activities on Earth.

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“…SCOSTEP has run long-term international interdisciplinary scientific programmes on solar-terrestrial physics since 1966. These programmes include Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES-I/- II, 2004-2013, Tsuda et al, 2015, Variability of the Sun and its Terrestrial Impact (VarSITI, 2014-2018, Shiokawa & Georgieva, 2021, and the newest programme: Predictability of the Variable Solar-Terrestrial Coupling (PRESTO, 2020(PRESTO, -2024. CAWSES-I and -II focused on solar influence on climate changes, effects of sporadic solar events on the terrestrial system and satellite missions in near-Earth orbit, and the coupling of atmospheric layers through dynamical, electromagnetic, and photo-chemical processes.…”

Section: Scostepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCOSTEP/VarSITI Schools and Database: The recent SCOSTEP/VarSITI programme (2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018) has also organized five schools in Indonesia, Nigeria, and Russia (Shiokawa & Georgieva, 2021) as shown in Table 3. There were two schools in Nigeria, namely the International School on Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere (ISELLI) and ISELLI-2.…”

Section: Scostepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of research capacities in space weather: a successful international cooperation

Mazaudier

Radicella

Doherty

et al. 2021

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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This paper presents an international cooperation which has successfully developed research capacities in the scientific disciplines of sun-earth relations and space weather in many countries overthe world during the past decades. This success was based on the deployment of scientific instruments in countries that did not have them, on the sharing of knowledge and research tools, on thesis supervision and on the integration of researchers trained in their country. This article will only focus on aspects of training conducted by ICTP, Boston College, ICG, SCOSTEP and GIRGEA. We will highlight what has been enhanced in international cooperation to achieve this success and what remains to be done. Chinese Proverb : If you want to go fast, go alone If you want to go far, go together.

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A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

Cited by 15 publications

References 303 publications

Earth-affecting solar transients: a review of progresses in solar cycle 24

Earth-affecting solar transients: a review of progresses in solar cycle 24

Role Of the Sun and the Middle atmosphere/thermosphere/ionosphere In Climate (ROSMIC): a retrospective and prospective view

Development of research capacities in space weather: a successful international cooperation

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