A review of the technological feasibility of aquacultures for municipal wastewater treatment

Rao, S. V. R.

doi:10.1080/00207238608710291

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…6, the preference for ammonium ion is attributed to energy saving for protein synthesis and for rapid cell growth (Bienfang, 1975). Several previous studies (Lavoie & de la Notie, 1985;Pouliot & de la Noiie, 1985;Rao, 1986) have shown poor phosphorus removal by microalgae because of their limited physiological needs, the N/P ratio needed being 15 (S6rodes et al, 1986). Chevalier and de la Notie (1985) reported that nitrogen is a limiting factor in Valcartier wastewaters and that the N/P ratio is not optimal for Scenedesmus.…”

Section: Measurement Of Nitrogen and Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 96%

A comparative study of four systems for tertiary wastewater treatment by Scenedesmus bicellularis: New technology for immobilization

1995

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Immobilization appears to be one of the best techniques to separate physically micro-algal cells from their culture medium for the purpose of algal tertiary wastewater treatment. High operation costs and other drawbacks of largescale physico-chemical methods of harvest led to a comparative study of biotreatment systems. Before treatment began, Scenedesmus bicellularis cells were conditioned (starved) under four different sets of conditions: 1) nonimmobilized cells with air bubbling (NCA); 2) cells immobilized in alginate beads (CBW) and 3) cells immobilized on alginate screens (CSW), all conditioned in synthetic culture medium depleted in N and P; 4) cells immobilized on alginate screens but conditioned in air at 100% relative humidity (CSA). Starvation was started under a light:dark photoperiod of 16:8 h. Starved cells were then used to treat wastewater for a 2-h period. The performance of each system was evaluated by determination of residual NH4-N and phosphate ions and by growth (dry weight, total chlorophyll, cell count, protein content). We then tested the capacity of microalgae immobilized on screens to eliminate N and P from a secondary municipal wastewater effluent and examined the influence of temperature and starvation. The quality of treated effluents was improved considerably with the system using CSA or CSW model. For CSA model, the protein content was 22.4 pg cell -' compared to 12.9, 9.5, 9.1 pg cell -' for NCA, CBW and CSW models, respectively. The CBW and CSW models were efficient for chlorophyll synthesis. The residual ammonium content in natural wastewater after 2 h of treatment with CSA model was 39% at 6±2 "C and reached 100% removal at 18±2 C. With the first 2 h, the removal of orthophosphate was inferior (53%) at 6+2 C, but 88 to 100% at 18+2 "C depending on starvation times. Long starvation times (72 or 96 h) caused damage to cells and uptake of nutrients was lower than with 54 h starvation. This work demonstrates that by using immobilization on screens, removal of nutrients from wastewater was higher than with conventional biological tertiary wastewater treatments (free cells or bead-shaped alginate particles).

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Section: Measurement Of Nitrogen and Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 96%

A comparative study of four systems for tertiary wastewater treatment by Scenedesmus bicellularis: New technology for immobilization

1995

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“…No tertiary treatment of the effluent from these ponds for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is required as satisfactory nutrient removal occurs in these ponds by the aquatic weeds. 6 In many instances, these ponds function as stabilisation ponds. These lagoons can also be used for treatment of industrial wastes as particularly upgradation with aquatic weeds has been shown to be effective for the removal of the toxicants present in the industrial wastes.…”

Section: Scenario For the Developing Countries (A) On-site Sanitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aquatic weed biomass harvested can be used as poultry feed and can also be used for biogas generation. 6 The aquatic weed biomass could be mixed with human wastes and agricultural wastes for enhanced generation of the biogas. No tertiary treatment of the effluent from these ponds for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is required as satisfactory nutrient removal occurs in these ponds by the aquatic weeds.…”

Section: Scenario For the Developing Countries (A) On-site Sanitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low cost sanitation alternatives of wastewater treatment for developed and developing countries

Rao

1986

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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“…The removal of nutrients from waste waters using aquatic plants has been suggested by Boyd (1970). This method presents low energy demands because plants use solar energy, in comparison to other methods that have been developed for this cleaning level (Wolverton and Donald, 1979;Ogwada et al, 1984;Rao, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A kinetic approach on the estimation of iron uptake by Apium nodiflorum plants

Vlyssides

Bouranis

1998

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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A kinetic approach was developed to indicate the inherent capacity of aquatic plants to absorb heavy metals. The concept was based on the hypothesis that heavy metal uptake by plants follows a first-order mathematical model depending on the heavy metal concentration in the biomass of this plant. This method enabled the evaluation of two parameters: (i) the specific metal uptake rate (k) and (ii) the maximum specific content (E, J of this metal in the aquatic plant. The specific uptake rate coefficient of the metal depended upon the concentration of the metal in the liquid phase, as can be seen from a Michaelis-Menten-type equation. This equation has two constants: (i) a maximum specific metal uptake rate (k max ) and (ii) a K s coefficient. The maximum specific uptake rate coefficient was useful in the evaluation of the ability of different aquatic plants to absorb specific heavy metal, as well as in the evaluation of the selectivity of absorption between two or more metals by 1 Corresponding author. 561 562 VLYSSIDES AND BOURANIS the plant. The maximum specific heavy metal content can be used for quantitative evaluation of an aquatic plant's ability to select this heavy metal. The ability of an aquatic plant to clean its aquatic environment from the metal can be evaluated in terms of the K s -coefficient. An example of this kinetic approach is given by using Apium nodiflorum. Experimental data from an aquatic system of Apium nodiflorum were collected and applied to the proposed kinetic approach for the estimation of parameters E pl,oo k max and K s of the proposed kinetic model, whereas the adequacy of the model was examined by simulating a real process and comparing the predicted and measured values using χ 2 -test.

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A review of the technological feasibility of aquacultures for municipal wastewater treatment

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

A comparative study of four systems for tertiary wastewater treatment by Scenedesmus bicellularis: New technology for immobilization

A comparative study of four systems for tertiary wastewater treatment by Scenedesmus bicellularis: New technology for immobilization

Low cost sanitation alternatives of wastewater treatment for developed and developing countries

A kinetic approach on the estimation of iron uptake by Apium nodiflorum plants

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