A Review of the Uses of Nuclear Radiation in Tobacco and Smoke Research

Jenkins, R. W.

doi:10.2478/cttr-2013-0612

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…for examples of the need to normalize the smoke data for total smoke formation. Of course, total smoke distribution must include sidestream particulate and gas-phase plus material on both the filter butt and tobacco residue (26,(57)(58)(59).…”

Section: A General Comments On Ms Smoke Precursor-product Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetaldehyde in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke: Formation and Occurrence in Smoke and Bioavailability in the Smoker

Seeman

Dixon

Haussmann

2002

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

117

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A review is presented of the scientific literature on the effects of sugars (mono- and disaccharides), when used as tobacco additives, on the formation of acetaldehyde in mainstream (MS) smoke and the potential bioavailablity of MS smoke acetaldehyde derived from sugars to the smoker. The experimental data supports the following conclusions. Sugars, e.g., D-glucose, D-fructose, and sucrose, do not produce greater yields of acetaldehyde in MS smoke than are produced from tobacco itself on a weight-for-weight basis. A variety of studies suggests that natural tobacco polysaccharides, including cellulose, are the primary precursors of acetaldehyde in MS smoke. In a number of different studies using commercial cigarette brands, MS smoke yields of acetaldehyde correlate (r > 0.9) with both MS smoke "tar" and carbon monoxide. MS smoke acetaldehyde yields are affected more by cigarette design characteristics that influence total smoke production, such as filter ventilation, filtration, and paper porosity, than by reducing sugars. MS smoke acetaldehyde deposits primarily in the upper respiratory tract, including the mouth, of the smoker. Acetaldehyde is rapidly metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase in the blood and elsewhere in the body, including at the blood-brain barrier. Tobacco sugar-derived MS smoke acetaldehyde from commercial cigarettes is unlikely to result in direct central nervous system effects on the smoker.

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Section: A General Comments On Ms Smoke Precursor-product Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetaldehyde in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke: Formation and Occurrence in Smoke and Bioavailability in the Smoker

Seeman

Dixon

Haussmann

2002

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

117

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Evaluation of Relationships Between Mainstream Smoke Acetaldehyde and "Tar" and Carbon Monoxide Yields in Tobacco Smoke and Reducing Sugars in Tobacco Blends of U.S. Commercial Cigarettes

Seeman¹,

Laffoon

Kassman

2003

Inhalation Toxicology

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Mainstream (MS) smoke acetaldehyde (AA), carbon monoxide (CO), and "tar" yields and percentage total reducing sugars in the tobacco blends from a Philip Morris USA database of a large number of commercial U.S. cigarettes were analyzed. MS smoke acetaldehyde is significantly correlated with "tar" yield and also with MS smoke carbon monoxide. These correlations are consistent with recently available data, including the 1999 Massachusetts Benchmark Study. MS smoke acetaldehyde yield is not correlated with reducing sugar (RS) concentration in the tobacco blend. For the available data over the time period 1985-1993, the concentration of reducing sugars (mean values for the brands tested) decreased. The correlations found between MS smoke acetaldehyde yield and "tar" and MS smoke carbon monoxide, and the percentage of the variance in AA yield explained by "tar" and MS smoke CO, coupled with the lack of correlation between "tar" normalized MS smoke AA and RS, plus related pyrolysis studies, support the hypothesis that MS smoke acetaldehyde yields are affected more by cigarette design characteristics influencing total smoke production than by tobacco reducing sugars.

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The Composition of Cigarette Smoke: A Catalogue of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Rodgman¹,

Perfetti²

2006

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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Classified as toxicants in many of the substances to which humans are exposed are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Such exposures include air pollutants from a variety of sources, foodstuffs and beverages, and tobacco smoke. Since the early 1950s, the composition of the latter has been more completely defined than that of any other consumer product. Nearly 4800 components have been identified in tobacco smoke and among these are over 500 PAHs either completely or partially identified. Because of the tumorigenicity of many PAHs, much research has been conducted in attempts to define the relationship between the PAH structures and their specific tumorigenicities in laboratory animals. None of the theories to date completely answers all the questions.As a prelude to an attempt to develop a more reasonable PAH structure-tumorigenicity relationship, the PAHs completely or partially identified in cigarette smoke have been catalogued. In the catalogue, they are categorized as bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, etc. with each group subdivided into all-benzenoid PAHs and cyclopentanoid-benzenoid PAHs. Another tabulation includes the PAHs considered in several previous studies on structure-tumorigenicity relationships, studies that dealt primarily with all-benzenoid PAHs.

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A Review of the Uses of Nuclear Radiation in Tobacco and Smoke Research

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Acetaldehyde in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke: Formation and Occurrence in Smoke and Bioavailability in the Smoker

Acetaldehyde in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke: Formation and Occurrence in Smoke and Bioavailability in the Smoker

Evaluation of Relationships Between Mainstream Smoke Acetaldehyde and "Tar" and Carbon Monoxide Yields in Tobacco Smoke and Reducing Sugars in Tobacco Blends of U.S. Commercial Cigarettes

The Composition of Cigarette Smoke: A Catalogue of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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