A review of the water barrier properties of polymer/clay and polymer/graphene nanocomposites

Tan, Bowen; Thomas, Noreen L.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.026

Cited by 291 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(244 reference statements)

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“…This further confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonding between GO nanosheets and PVA matrix, which reduced the polymer chain mobility. This could be also lead to the rigidification of polymer chains near the GO sheets [15]. Similar trends were also observed by incorporating a small amount of GO into PVA matrix [45,48].…”

Section: Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 66%

Suppressing Salt Transport through Composite Pervaporation Membranes for Brine Desalination

Lei

Hou

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Featured Application: The pervaporation membranes fabricated in this study can be potentially used for brine treatment.Abstract: Pervaporation membranes have gained renewed interest in challenging feedwaters desalination, such as reverse osmosis (RO) concentrated brine wastewater. In this study, composite polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pervaporation membranes were prepared for brine treatment. The composite membrane was firstly studied by adjusting the cross-linking density of PVA by glutaraldehyde: the membrane with higher cross-linking density exhibited much higher salt rejection efficiency for long-term operation. A trace of salt on the permeate side was found to diffuse through the membrane in the form of hydrated ions, following solution-diffusion mechanism. To further suppress the salt transport and achieve long-term stable operation, graphene oxide (GO) was incorporated into the PVA layer: the addition of GO had minor effects on water permeation but significantly suppressed the salt passage, compared to the pure PVA/PVDF membranes. In terms of brine wastewater containing organic/inorganic foulant, improved anti-fouling performance was also observed with GO-containing membranes. Furthermore, the highest flux of 28 L/m 2 h was obtained for the membrane with 0.1 wt. % of GO using 100 g/L NaCl as the feed at 65 • C by optimising the pervaporation rig, with permeate conductivity below 1.2 µS/cm over 24 h (equivalent to a salt rejection of >99.99%).

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Section: Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 66%

Suppressing Salt Transport through Composite Pervaporation Membranes for Brine Desalination

Lei

Hou

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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“…The lower interaction among this filler and the non‐polar PP did not contribute to a good dispersion of the filler in the matrix, forming agglomerates and allowing more free movement of the oxygen molecules through the polymer–filler interface . It has been stated that permeability should decrease as crystallinity increases . In this work we found that the crystallinity of all nanocomposites was reduced with respect to the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of thermally reduced graphene oxides obtained at different temperatures on the barrier and mechanical properties of polypropylene/TRGO and polyamide‐6/TRGO nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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Polypropylene (PP) and polyamide‐6 (PA6) nanocomposites containing thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO), obtained either at 600°C (TRGO600) or 800°C (TRGO800), were prepared by melt mixing in order to study the effect of the thermal treatments on their barrier and mechanical properties. Transmission electron microscopy images of nanocomposites showed a relative good dispersion of TRGO in polymer matrices with some agglomerations. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses showed a slight reduction in crystallinity for both polymers in the presence of TRGO. The permeability to oxygen and water vapor was decreased in almost all nanocomposites due to a more tortuous path to gas permeation, being more evident for PP/TRGO800. Tensile stress–strain tests showed that all nanocomposites had higher elastic modulus, but PA6/TRGO600 nanocomposites showed better mechanical properties. These findings indicated that TRGO obtained at a higher temperature imparts better barrier and mechanical properties to PP, while TRGO obtained at a lower temperature imparts better barrier and mechanical properties to PA6. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1746–E1756, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Although the interest in polymer/layered silicate nano composites has ebbed somewhat recently, relatively intensive work is going on in the field and a large number of papers are published [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The decrease of interest is caused by the fact that the nano hype has not been justified and a breakthrough has not occurred in the application of such composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive interactions, structure and properties in polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites

Hári¹,

Horváth²,

Móczó³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Thermoplastic polymer/layered silicate composites were prepared from the same organophilized montmorillonite (OMMT) and four different matrices, polypropylene (PP), the blend of PP and a maleated polymer (MAPP), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyamide (PA) in order to study the effect of their chemical structure and interactions on composite structure and properties. The components were homogenized by extrusion and then specimens were injection molded, which were then characterized by a variety of methods. The results showed that competitive interactions among silicate layers and between the silicate and the polymer determine the extent of exfoliation, and structure. The morphology of the composites is complicated, exfoliation is never complete, besides individual silicate layers, the composite can contain a silicate network, stacks of silicate platelets and larger particles in various amounts. Several local deformation processes can take place around the structural entities as well as in the matrix. Fracture and debonding are the main particle related processes, while cavitation takes place in the polymer, at least in PA and PLA. The macroscopic properties of layered silicate composites are determined by the extent of exfoliation and interfacial adhesion that decreases upon organophilization. Increased reinforcement and improved composite properties can be achieved only by the proper control of all interactions prevailing in the composite.

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A review of the water barrier properties of polymer/clay and polymer/graphene nanocomposites

Cited by 291 publications

References 118 publications

Suppressing Salt Transport through Composite Pervaporation Membranes for Brine Desalination

Suppressing Salt Transport through Composite Pervaporation Membranes for Brine Desalination

Effect of thermally reduced graphene oxides obtained at different temperatures on the barrier and mechanical properties of polypropylene/TRGO and polyamide‐6/TRGO nanocomposites

Competitive interactions, structure and properties in polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites

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