A review of thermal physics and management inside lithium-ion batteries for high energy density and fast charging

Abstract

Traditionally it has been assumed that battery thermal management systems should be designed to maintain the battery temperature around room temperature. That is not always true as Lithium-ion battery (LIB) R&D is pivoting towards the development of high energy density and fast charging batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive review of thermal considerations for LIBs targeted for high energy density and fast charging, i.e., the optimal thermal condition, thermal physics (heat transport and generation) inside the battery, and thermal management strategies. As the energy density and charge rate increases, the optimal battery temperature can shift to be higher than room temperature. To improve the temperature uniformity and avoid excessive internal temperature rise, heat transfer inside the battery needs to be enhanced, and reducing the thermal contact resistance between the electrodes and separator can significantly increase the effective thermal conductivity of batteries. In the first part of the review various challenges and latest developments related to thermal transport and properties of LIBs are discussed. In the second part of the review various sources of heat generation inside LIBs and various approaches to minimizing battery heat generation are summarized. The importance of heat of mixing due to ion diffusion during fast charging is also highlighted. Finally, a summary of latest advancement on smart control of internal temperature of LIBs is discussed as depending on the ambient temperature and the optimal temperature; the battery heat needs to be retained or dissipated to elevate or avoid temperature rise. Lithium-ion battery; Optimal battery temperature; High energy density; Fast charging; Battery thermal management

Thermal fluids with high specific heat capacity through reversible Diels-Alder reactions

“…For example, there is significant interest in using solar thermal processes to decarbonize industrial heating; it is expected that industrial processes requiring medium temperature (<∼150°C) heat can be economically decarbonized using solar thermal processes. For high-power microelectronics ( Sohel Murshed and Nieto de Castro, 2017 ) and high-energy-density and fast-charging lithium ion batteries ( Zeng et al., 2021 ), thermal management plays a very important role for reliable operation of these technologies. Other examples of thermal management include cooling of both traditional ( Meshkatodd, 2008 ) and solid state ( She et al., 2013 ) electrical transformers.…”

In situ construction of flower-like CoP-in-carbon anode materials for high-rate and long-term lithium ion batteries

“…In recent years, with the ever-rising requirements of electric vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, radio communications, medical devices, portable electronic devices and other precision devices for light-weight and small-sized power sources, more emphasis has been placed on the energy density of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). 1,2 Compared with commercial graphite anode materials (only 372 mA h g À1 /830 mA h cm À3 ), transition metal phosphides (TMPs, M ¼ Co, Fe, Ni, Cu, etc.) have become one of the most promising anode materials in view of their high theoretical capacity (e.g.…”

Inducing Conductive Surface Layer on Nb2O5 via Ar-ion Bombardment: Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Li-ion Batteries

“…3,[7][8][9][10][11] Even so, the stoichiometric Nb2O5 is an insulator with a wide bandgap (between 3.2 and 4.0 eV) which engenders poor electronic conductivity (σ ~ 3×10 -6 S cm -1 at 300 K), thereby improving the poor electronic conductivity is key to achieve a high-rate performance of Nb2O5 which eventually facilitate the realization of fast rechargeable energy devices. [12][13][14] To overcome the drawback, considerable efforts have been devoted to investigating fabrication techniques such as building special morphology, introducing conductive carbon networks, doping foreign elements for adequate utilization, and nanoarchitecture current collector (see Table S1 † for representative modification of the reported Nb2O5-based materials). [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Although materials with utilization of these methods show certain enhancement, the compatibility with the ongoing manufacturing line remains challenging to meet the requirement of practical utilization of as mentioned methods.…”