2012
DOI: 10.3390/toxins4111223
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

A Review of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and the Possible Role of Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of This Syndrome

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to discuss the classification, diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a complex entity that is characterized by different neurovascular signs and symptoms involving the upper limb. TOS is defined as upper extremity symptoms due to compression of the neurovascular bundle in the area of the neck just above the first rib. Compression is thought to occur at one or more of the three anatomical compartments: the in… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
2
2
1

Citation Types

0
28
0
5

Year Published

2014
2014
2022
2022

Publication Types

Select...
6
1

Relationship

0
7

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 47 publications
(35 citation statements)
references
References 47 publications
(146 reference statements)
0
28
0
5
Order By: Relevance
“…As with other syndromes, the diagnosis is clinical and is based on a characteristic constellation of symptoms. These include pain, paresthesias, and/or weakness in the medial arm, forearm, and hand [3].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…As with other syndromes, the diagnosis is clinical and is based on a characteristic constellation of symptoms. These include pain, paresthesias, and/or weakness in the medial arm, forearm, and hand [3].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unfortunately, there are no sensitivities or specificities available due to the lack of a gold standard for diagnosis of TOS. The goal of the provocative tests is to put tension on the neurovascular bundle, and a positive test result is reproduction of symptoms [3]. Three common provocative tests are the Adson, Allen, and elevated arm stress test (EAST).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(1). TOS subklavian arter, ven ve brakiyal pleksusun superior toraks çıkışında basıya uğrama-sıyla ortaya çıkan semptomlar kompleksidir (2)(3)(4). Bu yazıda TOS'da çeşitli sebeplere bağlı bası nedeniyle esaslı olarak iskemi ve direkt periferik sinire etki kaynaklı, periferik sinir lezyonunun fizyopatolojisi ve analiz yöntemleri ile bu yöntemlerin prognozda yardımı incelenmeye çalışılacaktır.…”
Section: öZetunclassified
“…Bu bölgedeki daralma ile bu sinir ve/veya damarlar sıkışabilir. TOS etiyoloji, semptomlar, klinik görünümü ve anatomisi temelinde sınıflandırılabilmektedir (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) (8) tarafından yapılmıştır. Sinir hasarının en düşük derecesi, sinirlerde hasar olmayan, fakat sinyal iletiminin aksamasına neden olan ve nöropraksi olarak adlandırılan bir hasardır.…”
Section: öZetunclassified
See 1 more Smart Citation