A review of tonic immobility as an adaptive behavior in sharks

Miranda-Páez, Abraham; Hoyos-Padilla, Mauricio; Klimley, A. Peter

doi:10.1007/s10641-023-01413-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Tonic immobility is an antipredator behaviour which is well known from several species (e.g., Damas‐Moreira, 2021 ; Konishi et al., 2020 ; Li et al., 2019 ; Sazima, 1974 ). It describes an innate and reversable reflex in which the individual remains motionless in a distinct posture pretending to be dead (Baškiera & Gvoždík, 2021 ; Páez et al., 2023 ; Toledo et al., 2010 ). Many predators do not consume dead prey and thus this behaviour is supposed to be an antipredator behaviour, increasing survival (Sazima, 1974 ; Teles et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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It describes an innate and reversable reflex in which the individual remains motionless in a distinct posture pretending to be dead (Baškiera & Gvoždík, 2021;Páez et al, 2023;Toledo et al, 2010). Many predators do not consume dead prey and thus this behaviour is supposed to be an antipredator behaviour, increasing survival (Sazima, 1974;Teles et al, 2017).

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Tonic immobility behaviour does not differ between fire salamander larvae from ponds and streams

Schulte,

Caspers

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Tonic immobility is an antipredator defence in which the prey animal remains motionless after physical contact with the predator, pretending to be dead. This behaviour has been observed among a variety of taxa but has received only little attention in amphibian larvae. During our field studies with fire salamander larvae, we observed that larvae from different habitats display tonic immobility after handling. In our study site, we find larvae in pond and stream habitats, that differ in several aspects such as their stress response and their risk‐taking behaviour, likely caused by the very different habitat conditions. We measured the time that the tonic immobility behaviour was displayed but found no difference between larvae from the two habitat types. Likewise, we also found no correlation between the size of the larvae and the duration of displaying the behaviour. In conclusion, we found that fire salamander larvae show tonic immobility, but found no evidence that the different habitat conditions influence the tonic immobility behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Tonic immobility behaviour does not differ between fire salamander larvae from ponds and streams

Schulte,

Caspers

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Applying acoustic telemetry, vessel tracking and fisher knowledge to investigate and manage fisher-shark conflict at Lord Howe Island, Australia

Mitchell,

Camilieri-Asch,

Gudge

et al. 2024

Mar Biol

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Fisher-shark conflict is occurring at Lord Howe Island, Australia due to high levels of Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis) depredation (where sharks consume hooked fish) and bycatch. Depredation causes costly loss of target catch and fishing gear and increased mortality of target species, and sharks can be injured or killed when bycaught. This study applied acoustic telemetry and vessel tracking from 2018 to 2021 to identify; (1) how the movements of 30 tagged sharks and activity of six fishing vessels overlapped, and (2) where key ‘hotspots’ of overlap occurred. Fisher surveys were also conducted to collect information about mitigating shark interactions. Residency index analysis indicated that three sharks tagged at a fish waste dumping site had markedly higher residency. Core home ranges of sharks overlapped with higher fishing activity at four ‘hotspots’. Statistical modelling indicated positive linear effects of fishing activity and bathymetric complexity on shark detections and tagged sharks were present for 13% of the total time that vessels were fishing close to acoustic receivers. Spatio-temporal overlaps between shark movements and fishing activity could potentially have occurred because sharks learned to associate fishing vessels with food (i.e. hooked fish) and because fishers and sharks utilise highly productive shelf edge areas, however more research is needed to investigate these relationships. Fishers reported that rotating fishing areas and reducing time at each location, fishing deeper than 100 m, and using electric reels and lures instead of bait, reduced bycatch and depredation. The integrated approach used here identified practical methods for reducing fisher-shark conflict, improving socio-economic outcomes for fishers and conservation prospects for this unique shark population.

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Observations of reproductive behaviors in the Critically Endangered bowmouth guitarfish Rhina ancylostoma

Hanna,

Hazeres,

Wilson

et al. 2024

Endang. Species. Res.

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Wedgefishes, family Rhinidae, are collectively identified as one of the most threatened groups of chondrichthyan fishes globally by the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Within the family Rhinidae, bowmouth guitarfish Rhina ancylostoma have been designated by the IUCN as Critically Endangered since 2018. Bowmouth guitarfish were first introduced to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) in 2005 when the Newport Aquarium, Newport, KY, USA, acquired a single female. In 2007, a male bowmouth guitarfish was added into the collection with the goal of establishing an institutional breeding program and to generate foundational knowledge for future breeding programs. This study presents an ethogram of mating behaviors exhibited by a mixed sex group of bowmouth guitarfish using behavioral observations from December 2017 through August 2022. The observed interactions between male and female bowmouth guitarfish led to the identification of 5 male reproductive behaviors: hovering, chasing, wrapping up, flipping/rolling, and copulation. These 5 behaviors were directly linked with successful reproduction, e.g. active breeding and live parturition, in the imperiled species R. ancylostoma. The breeding behavioral knowledge presented within this study provides the first step to a viable breeding program, a critical tool for conserving wild populations.

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A review of tonic immobility as an adaptive behavior in sharks

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Tonic immobility behaviour does not differ between fire salamander larvae from ponds and streams

Tonic immobility behaviour does not differ between fire salamander larvae from ponds and streams

Applying acoustic telemetry, vessel tracking and fisher knowledge to investigate and manage fisher-shark conflict at Lord Howe Island, Australia

Observations of reproductive behaviors in the Critically Endangered bowmouth guitarfish Rhina ancylostoma

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