A review of top performing rural community and critical access hospitals’ web resources for transgender patients in the United States

Jackson, Kristopher J.; S, Tomlinson

doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100627

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The few existing studies suggest that this population faces compounding social stigma and increased barriers to all health care, but especially gender-affirming medical and surgical care [ 17 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Given the dearth of research exploring the facilitators and barriers to health care access for rural TGD people [ 25 ], exploratory mixed-methods approaches are needed. Additionally, the lack of representation of rural TGD Americans in the larger national conversation about TGD health care belabors the need for stakeholder-engaged research to elevate this often-unseen population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans*Forming Access and Care in Rural Areas: A Community-Engaged Approach

Gandy-Guedes

Kidd

Weiss

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Research indicates that rural transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations have a greater need for health services when compared with their urban counterparts, face unique barriers to accessing services, and have health disparities that are less researched than urban TGD populations. Therefore, the primary aim of this mixed-methods study (n = 24) was to increase research on the health care needs of TGD people in a rural Appalachian American context. This study was guided by a community-engaged model utilizing a community advisory board of TGD people and supportive parents of TGD children. Quantitative results indicate that travel burden is high, affirming provider availability is low, and the impacts on the health and mental health of TGD people in this sample are notable. Qualitative results provide recommendations for providers and health care systems to better serve this population. Integrated mixed-methods results further illustrate ways that rural TGD people and families adapt to the services available to them, sometimes at significant economic and emotional costs. This study contributes to the small but growing body of literature on the unique needs of rural TGD populations, including both adults and minors with supportive parents, by offering insights into strategies to address known disparities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans*Forming Access and Care in Rural Areas: A Community-Engaged Approach

Gandy-Guedes

Kidd

Weiss

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…This Utah-based cohort data categorized 8.0% of TGD adults living in rural areas, and this percentage increased to 9.4% for adults who met the criteria for TGD but had not sought active GAHT or GAS. The discrepancy in the percentage of adults living in rural areas and percentage of those seeking gender-affirming care is attributed to significant health disparities, one of which includes access to healthcare [ 44 – 46 ]. The rapid adoption of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic bolstered the total number of TGD visits, for both new and established TGD adults [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GAS. The discrepancy in the percentage of adults living in rural areas and percentage of those seeking gender-affirming care is attributed to significant health disparities, one of which includes access to healthcare [44][45][46]. The rapid adoption of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic bolstered the total number of TGD visits, for both new and established TGD adults [47].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a transgender and gender-diverse patient population in Utah: Use of electronic health records to advance clinical and health equity research

Ho,

Zenger,

Mark

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people, individuals whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth, face unique challenges in accessing gender-affirming care and often experience disparities in a variety of health outcomes. Clinical research on TGD health is limited by a lack of standardization on how to best identify these individuals. The objective of this retrospective cohort analysis was to accurately identify and describe TGD adults and their use of gender-affirming care from 2003–2023 in a healthcare system in Utah, United States. International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and 10 codes and surgical procedure codes, along with sexual orientation and gender identity data were used to develop a dataset of 4,587 TGD adults. During this time frame, 2,985 adults received gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and/or gender-affirming surgery (GAS) within one healthcare system. There was no significant difference in race or ethnicity between TGD adults who received GAHT and/or GAS compared to TGD adults who did not receive such care. TGD adults who received GAHT and/or GAS were more likely to have commercial insurance coverage, and adults from rural communities were underrepresented. Patients seeking estradiol-based GAHT tended to be older than those seeking testosterone-based GAHT. The first GAS occurred in 2013, and uptake of GAS have doubled since 2018. This study provides a methodology to identify and examine TGD patients in other health systems and offers insights into emerging trends and access to gender-affirming care.

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