A Review of Torrefaction Technology for Upgrading Lignocellulosic Biomass to Solid Biofuels

Sarker, Tumpa R.; Nanda, Sonil; Dalai, Ajay K.; Meda, Venkatesh

doi:10.1007/s12155-020-10236-2

Cited by 117 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Based on the values of molar H/C and O/C (i.e., 1.02 and 0.28, respectively), the optimal SP-torrefied product (i.e., T-SP-280-30) should belong to the class of lignite [1]. The results were in accordance with those reported previously [20,21,28] and recently reviewed [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In addition, the feedstock SP has the highest values of atomic O/C and H/C (Table 3), making it difficult to transform the biomass into liquid fuels.…”

Section: Fuel Properties Of Sp-torrefied Products (T-sp)supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Among the lignocellulosic constituents (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in biomass, the hemicellulose constituent has the highest moisture absorption capacity [2]. In this regard, a pretreatment process, also known as torrefaction, was extensively studied to produce a torrefied biomass for further use in the energy, metallurgical and chemical fields instead of direct use in its original form [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. To maximize the energy density and mass yield of biomass by reducing the contents of noncarbon elements, the typical temperature range for the torrefaction process is between 200 • C and 300 • C [1], where hemicellulose can be thermally decomposed but cellulose and lignin will be partly repolymerized or degraded to some extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Sapindus Pericarp Extraction Residue under a Wide Range of Pyrolysis Conditions

et al. 2021

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In this work, a novel biomass, the extraction residue of Sapindus pericarp (SP), was torrefied by using an electronic oven under a wide range of temperature (i.e., 200–320 °C) and residence times (i.e., 0–60 min). From the results of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of SP, a significant weight loss was observed in the temperature range of 200–400 °C, which can be divided into the decompositions of hemicellulose (major)/lignin (minor) (200–320 °C) and cellulose (major)/lignin (minor) (320–400 °C). Based on the fuel properties of the feedstock SP and SP-torrefied products, the optimal torrefaction conditions can be found at around 280 °C for holding 30 min, showing that the calorific value, enhancement factor and energy yield of the torrefied biomass were enhanced to be 28.60 MJ/kg, 1.36 and 82.04 wt%, respectively. Consistently, the values of the calorific value, carbon content and molar carbon/hydrogen (C/H) ratio indicated an increasing trend at higher torrefaction temperatures and/or longer residence times. The findings showed that some SP-torrefied solids can be grouped into the characteristics of a lignite-like biomass by a van Krevelen diagram for all the SP-torrefied products. However, the SP-torrefied fuels would be particularly susceptible to the problems of slagging and fouling because of the relatively high contents of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) based on the analytical results of the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

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Section: Fuel Properties Of Sp-torrefied Products (T-sp)supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Sapindus Pericarp Extraction Residue under a Wide Range of Pyrolysis Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, woody biomass has shown promising potential for biochar [52] and pellets production [53]. Besides, woody biomass-derived biochar has several industrial applications ranging from removing metal contaminants, carbon sequestration, activated carbon production, and soil remediation [64,65]. Additionally, the diverse applications of forestry biomass could be extended to the production of biochemicals, biocomposites materials, cosmetics, and adhesives [50].…”

Section: Woody Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of torrefaction is to enhance the fuel characteristics of biomass so that it is used as an independent fuel by pelletizing and storing it without microbial degradation. Torrefaction of biomass waste has gained huge interest in recent years owing to its possible applications of producing torrefied pellets, which can further be utilized as a raw material in gasification to produce syngas or as an alternative to coal in thermal power plants [63,64]. Moreover, torrefaction also increases biomass hydrophobicity as well as the heating values, thus improving its fuel properties for processes like combustion and gasification.…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Biomass Resources and Thermochemical Conversion Technologies

et al. 2022

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Waste biomass has the potential to produce renewable fuels and fine chemicals. Biofuels derived from agricultural, forestry, and energy crop systems are promising resources to address climate change and minimize greenhouse gas emissions. The recent advances in various thermochemical technologies for the conversion of waste biomass to value-added biofuel products are discussed. A summarized outline of thermochemical technologies such as torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification is provided. An overview of different types and sources of biomass as well as their physicochemical properties is presented. The thermochemical conversion products and their environmental benefits are considered as well.

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“…Thermochemical conversion is one of those processes, and the energy is produced by applying heat and chemical processes. There are several technologies available for the conversion of biomass to fuels or energy such as torrefaction, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, carbonization, gasification, and combustion [7]. These methods produce solid, liquid, gases, and energy (power or heat).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of solid biofuels derived from sugarcane leaves with two different thermochemical conversion methods: wet and dry torrefaction

2021

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This work describes the conversion of sugarcane leaves into biocoal with two thermal processes: wet torrefaction (subcritical water, 175-250 °C) and dry torrefaction (nitrogen atmosphere, 225-300 °C). The residence time was 30 min for both processes. The effects on physical and energy characteristics, including mass and energy yield, proximate and ultimate analyses, fiber analysis, higher heating value (HHV), structural parameters determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and O/C and H/C atomic ratios were used for comparisons. The results showed that increasing the reaction temperature lowers the mass yield; however, it also significantly improves the fuel ratio of torrefied samples. The highest HHV of wet and drytorrefied samples were 23.31 and 22.07 MJ/kg, respectively. The best removal of ash and sulfur content was obtained under wet torrefaction. Moreover, wet torrefaction was recommended as a suitable process for hemicellulose depolymerization. At 250 °C, the wet-torrefied sample had the highest fuel ratio (0.48) and was suited for biomass co-firing. The finding that wet-torrefied samples reached the same range of lignite at lower reaction temperatures than dry-torrefied samples was particularly intriguing. Torrefaction at the temperatures below 250 °C did not prove to have a statistically significant effect on the energy properties of the dry-torrefied samples. Therefore, wet torrefaction is a promising process in the thermochemical conversion of sugarcane leaves into solid biofuel.

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A Review of Torrefaction Technology for Upgrading Lignocellulosic Biomass to Solid Biofuels

Cited by 117 publications

References 173 publications

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Sapindus Pericarp Extraction Residue under a Wide Range of Pyrolysis Conditions

Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Sapindus Pericarp Extraction Residue under a Wide Range of Pyrolysis Conditions

A Review of Biomass Resources and Thermochemical Conversion Technologies

Comparative study of solid biofuels derived from sugarcane leaves with two different thermochemical conversion methods: wet and dry torrefaction

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