A review of treatment strategies for hydrofluoric acid burns: Current status and future prospects

Wang, Xingang; Zhang, Yuanhai; Ni, Liangfang; You, Chuangang; Ye, Chunjiang; Jiang, Ruiming; Liu, Liping; Liu, Jia; Han, Chunmao

doi:10.1016/j.burns.2014.04.009

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The morbidity of HF burns varies among regions throughout the world [13]. In some areas, HF burns occur more frequently and have become one of the most common chemical injuries [8, 10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrofluoric acid burns in the western Zhejiang Province of China: a 10-year epidemiological study

Zhang¹,

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2016

J Occup Med Toxicol

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BackgroundChemical burns caused by hydrofluoric acid (HF) frequently occur in the Western Zhejiang Province. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HF burns within this region.MethodsA 10-year retrospective analysis was conducted using data from all inpatients with HF burns. These patients were treated at the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery at our hospital between January 2004 and December 2013. Information obtained for each patient included sex, age, occupation, burn location, burn cause, and the hazard category of the chemical which caused the burn. Data regarding wound site and size, accompanying injuries, serum electrolyte levels, operations, length of hospital stay, and mortality were also assessed.ResultsA total of 201 patients (189 males, 12 females; average age: 38.33 ± 10.57 years) were admitted due to HF burns. Over the 10-year period, the morbidity of HF burns in the past 10 years showed a gradual increase, which paralleled the development of local fluoride industries. Most HF injuries were work related and distributed in working-age patients. Aqueous HF solutions, especially highly concentrated ones, were the most common chemical cause of HF burns. Moreover, inappropriate operation, machine problems, and inadequate protection were identified as the leading causes of HF burns in the workplace. The burn area was <5% of TBSA in more than 90% of patients, and the most common burn sites were the head, neck, and upper extremities. Approximately 17% of patients underwent surgical operation. Accompanying injuries should be detected and treated correctly in a timely manner. Lastly, electrolyte imbalances, such as hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, and hypokalaemia, occurred frequently in patients with HF exposure; however, hyperkalaemia was not encountered in this study.ConclusionBased on the epidemiological results for HF burns in this region, the related enterprises and local authorities should be encouraged to upgrade management policies and to provide necessary occupational hazard education and safety training for high-risk occupations within high-risk working populations. Furthermore, the enhancement of hazardous chemicals management is also needed. Finally, for patients with HF exposure, early and correct pre-hospital triage, treatment and consequent in-hospital treatment and procedures should also be improved.

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“…The morbidity of HF burns varies among regions throughout the world [13]. In some areas, HF burns occur more frequently and have become one of the most common chemical injuries [8, 10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In patients with fluoride poisoning, electrolyte imbalances, such as hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia, occurred frequently, as fluoride ions bind to these metal ions to form insoluble salts in the body [13]. Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia can be rectified by calcium and magnesium supplementation in the clinic [20, 21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrofluoric acid burns in the western Zhejiang Province of China: a 10-year epidemiological study

Zhang¹,

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2016

J Occup Med Toxicol

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“…[1]. HF can enter the body via the skin and mucosal layers, causing severe corrosive effects and even systemic toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhalation of HF leads to signs and symptoms such as chest tightness, pulmonary oedema and haemorrhage [10]. The higher the concentration of HF, the more likely it is to cause inhalation injuries; however, a low concentration of HF also has the potential to cause such injuries [1]. As is known, HF molecules can penetrate human tissues produce large numbers of fluoride ions that bind to calcium and magnesium ions, causing severe pain, progressive tissue necrosis, severe arrhythmia and even death [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries following a serious hydrofluoric acid leak: First aid and lessons

Zhang¹,

Wang

Sharma

et al. 2015

Burns

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“…The chemical material-e.g., hydrofluoric acid (HF)-used in the etching process, is highly toxic [17,18]. Additionally, nanoparticles are found with more toxic effects than their bulk counterparts, and may have adverse impacts on human health and the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Emissions from Chemical Etching Synthesis of Silicon Nanotube for Lithium Ion Battery Applications

Guan

Wang

et al. 2018

JMMP

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Silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) have been researched as a promising anode material to replace graphite in next-generation lithium ion batteries. Chemical etching synthesis of SiNTs is a simple, controllable and scalable process for SiNT fabrication, but the environmental emissions are of grave concern. In this paper, the process emissions from chemical etching synthesis of SiNTs as anode for lithium ion batteries is studied through experimental techniques, considering the categories of aqueous wastes, gaseous emissions, aqueous nano-particle emissions, and gaseous aerosol emissions. The synthesized SiNTs are measured at 10 µm length and 1-2.2 µm diameter, and can maintain a specific capacity of over 800 mAh/g after 100 cycles in battery testing. In aqueous waste, the chemical compositions of all elements participating in the chemical etching are experimentally determined, with AgNO 3 and Co(NO 3 ) 2 identified as the major pollutants. The only gaseous emission generated from the chemical etching synthesis process is H 2 , with 0.0088 ± 0.0002 mol H 2 generated to produce 1.0 mg SiNTs. The aqueous nanoparticle sizes are found to be between 250 nm and 1540 nm. A large number of aerosol nanoparticle emissions of up to 2.96 × 10 7 particles/cm 3 are detected through in situ experimental measurement.

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A review of treatment strategies for hydrofluoric acid burns: Current status and future prospects

Cited by 61 publications

References 85 publications

Hydrofluoric acid burns in the western Zhejiang Province of China: a 10-year epidemiological study

Hydrofluoric acid burns in the western Zhejiang Province of China: a 10-year epidemiological study

Injuries following a serious hydrofluoric acid leak: First aid and lessons

Environmental Emissions from Chemical Etching Synthesis of Silicon Nanotube for Lithium Ion Battery Applications

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