A Review of Two Decades of Conservation Efforts on Tigers, Co-Predators and Prey at the Junction of Three Global Biodiversity Hotspots in the Transboundary Far-Eastern Himalayan Landscape

Sarkar, Mriganka Shekhar; Amonge, Diana Ethel; Pradhan, Neera Shrestha; Naing, Hla; Huang, Zhi‐Pang; Lodhi, Mohammad Saeed

doi:10.3390/ani11082365

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The result of less human disturbance and good prey abundance in the HKK also supports the abundance of main predators such as the tiger, leopard, jackal, and dhole species, and could be the reason why these carnivores were more abundant there than in TYNE. The previous studies elsewhere also indicated that the areas with high prey abundance and less disturbance are highly suitable for these large predators and have potential for the long-term viability of these large mammals [ 23 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Camera-Trap Survey of Mammals in Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Thailand

Vinitpornsawan

Fuller

2023

Animals

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The Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary (TYNE), in the core area of the Western Forest Complex of Thailand, harbors a diverse assemblage of wildlife, and the region has become globally significant for mammal conservation. From April 2010 to January 2012, 106 camera traps were set, and, in 1817 trap-nights, registered 1821 independent records of 32 mammal species. Of the 17 IUCN-listed (from Near Threatened to Critically Endangered) mammal species recorded, 5 species listed as endangered or critically endangered included the Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), tiger (Panthera tigris), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), dhole (Cuon alpinus), and Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica). The northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis), large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha), Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyuran), and sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) were the most frequently recorded species (10–22 photos/100 trap-nights), representing 62% of all independent records, while the golden jackal (Canis aureus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata), and Sunda pangolin were the least photographed (<0.1/100 trap-nights). Species accumulation curves indicated that the number of camera trap locations needed to record 90% of taxa recorded varied from 26 sites for herbivores to 67 sites for all mammals. TYNE holds a rich community of mammals, but some differences in photo-rates from an adjacent sanctuary and comparisons with other research on local mammals suggest that some species are rare and some are missed because of the limitations of our technique. We also conclude that the management and conservation plan, which involves the exclusion of human activities from some protected areas and strict protection efforts in the sanctuaries, is still suitable for providing key habitats for endangered wildlife populations, and that augmented and regular survey efforts will help in this endeavor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Camera-Trap Survey of Mammals in Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Thailand

Vinitpornsawan

Fuller

2023

Animals

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“…The largest TCL in the world was the Northern Triangle of India, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, which covered 294,847 km 2 in 2020, 32.3% of all TCL area worldwide. Unfortunately, tigers are unlikely to be continuously distributed throughout this vast area (Lwin et al, 2021;Sarkar et al, 2021;Sabu et al, 2022). Conflicts in Myanmar and India have constrained on-the-the ground surveys; the consequences of those conflicts for tigers and their prey remain poorly understood (Win, 2022).…”

Section: The State Of Tiger Conservation Landscapes On 1 January 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020

Sanderson,

Miquelle,

Fisher

et al. 2023

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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Of all the ways human beings have modified the planet over the last 10,000 years, habitat loss is the most important for other species. To address this most critical threat to biodiversity, governments, non-governmental actors, and the public need to know, in near real-time, where and when habitat loss is occurring. Here we present an integrated habitat modelling system at the range-wide scale for the tiger (Panthera tigris) to measure and monitor changes in tiger habitat at range-wide, national, biome, and landscape scales, as often as the underlying inputs change. We find that after nearly 150 years of decline, effective potential habitat for the tiger seems to have stabilized at around 16% of its indigenous extent (1.817 million km2). As of the 1st of January 2020, there were 63 Tiger Conservation Landscapes in the world, covering 911,920 km2 shared across ten of the 30 modern countries which once harbored tiger populations. Over the last 20 years, the total area of Tiger Conservation Landscapes (TCLs) declined from 1.025 million km2 in 2001, a range-wide loss of 11%, with the greatest losses in Southeast Asia and southern China. Meanwhile, we documented expansions of modelled TCL area in India, Nepal, Bhutan, northern China, and southeastern Russia. We find significant potential for restoring tigers to existing habitats, identified here in 226 Restoration Landscapes. If these habitats had sufficient prey and were tigers able to find them, the occupied land base for tigers might increase by 50%. Our analytical system, incorporating Earth observations, in situ biological data, and a conservation-oriented modelling framework, provides the information the countries need to protect tigers and enhance habitat, including dynamic, spatially explicit maps and results, updated as often as the underlying data change. Our work builds on nearly 30 years of tiger conservation research and provides an accessible way for countries to measure progress and report outcomes. This work serves as a model for objective, range-wide, habitat monitoring as countries work to achieve the goals laid out in the Sustainable Development Goals, the 30×30 Agenda, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

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“…The monitoring and preservation of tigers pose a crucial and long-lasting problem for both environmentalists and conservationists (Sarkar et al, 2021). Technological advancements have greatly impacted wildlife conservation efforts, with drones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), emerging as a particularly valuable tool for conservationists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Machine Learning in Drone Technology for Tracking of Tigers

AlZubi,

Alkhanifer

2024

IJAR

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Background: Tigers, as iconic apex predators and symbols of biodiversity conservation, face numerous threats to their existence. Effective tracking and monitoring are essential for understanding and preserving these majestic creatures and their habitats. The convergence of machine learning and drone technology has emerged as transformative tools in the field of tiger tracking. Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), have rapidly become invaluable assets in wildlife conservation. Machine learning algorithms, with their capacity to analyze complex datasets, make predictions and automate decision-making processes, offer a novel approach to processing the massive amounts of data generated by drones, including images, sounds and sensor readings. Methods: This paper explores the historical significance of tiger tracking, the pivotal role of drones in conservation and the transformative capabilities of machine learning in wildlife monitoring. In this work, an accurate framework for tiger detection based on YOLOv8 is utilized. Result: By examining the interplay between machine learning, drone technology and tiger conservation, this paper highlights the potential for innovation and the challenges that lie ahead, promising a brighter future for these iconic creatures and their ecosystems. The fine-tuned YOLOv8 model demonstrates exceptional object detection performance, boasting a mAP50 of 0.9820 and a mAP50-95 of 0.6856, coupled with precise classification (precision 0.9646) and robust instance capture (recall 0.9580).

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A Review of Two Decades of Conservation Efforts on Tigers, Co-Predators and Prey at the Junction of Three Global Biodiversity Hotspots in the Transboundary Far-Eastern Himalayan Landscape

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

A Camera-Trap Survey of Mammals in Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Thailand

A Camera-Trap Survey of Mammals in Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Thailand

Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020

Application of Machine Learning in Drone Technology for Tracking of Tigers

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