A review of under-frequency load shedding scheme on TNB system

Zin, Abdullah Asuhaimi Mohd; Hafiz, H. M.; Aziz, Mohamad Saiful Islam

doi:10.1109/pecon.2004.1461637

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is based on the local measurement of frequency, which is compared with previously defined values [15]. When the frequency reaches these values, the scheme disconnects predefined portions of load according to the frequency threshold reached [10]. For these schemes, a minimum frequency threshold is defined, which is determined by the nominal system frequency and typically by the minimum turbine operating frequency [33].…”

Section: A Traditional Uflsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equation (10) represents the amount of reserve in terms of active power that a particular dynamic load can provide to the grid [97]. Furthermore, the response of the smart load can be discretized, as shown in equation ( 11) [100].…”

Section: Ufls and Frequency Regulation With Smart Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, the acceptable frequency nadir varies from one system to another depending on the type of generators, auxiliary devices, and turbine governors [4]. In this way, the UFLS is triggered when the system exceeds a frequency value and disconnects specified load quantities in steps or defined portions [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UFLS and Smart Load for Frequency Regulation in Electrical Power System: A Review

Bustamante,

gonzález,

López

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The frequency of an electrical power system can be interpreted as an indicator of the equilibrium between generation and demand. Under fault conditions where this balance is disrupted, the Under-Frequency Load Shedding scheme is typically the ultimate resource employed to prevent the frequency from dropping to undesirable thresholds that could lead to a blackout. Smart loads have the capability to dynamically adjust their consumption in response to frequency variations, which has the potential to enhance frequency regulation and mitigate the need for abrupt load disconnection through the Under-Frequency Load Shedding scheme. The objective of this paper is to present a literature review of Under-Frequency Load Shedding schemes, an innovative approach to their classifications, and the introduction of a new category within these schemes that incorporates smart loads. Additionally, an overview of smart loads is included to be potentially employed in the design of new schemes and contribute to a shift in the operation philosophy, considering that the primary mission of electric power systems is to provide energy to loads rather than disconnecting them. INDEX TERMSUnder frequency load shedding (UFLS), Smart Loads, Frequency control, Inverter based load (IBL), Converter based load, Frequency response, Frequency regulation.

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Section: A Traditional Uflsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ufls and Frequency Regulation With Smart Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UFLS and Smart Load for Frequency Regulation in Electrical Power System: A Review

Bustamante,

gonzález,

López

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…Note that the changing susceptances only affect the matrix B, and then the fault-on dynamics with the tuned susceptances is described by ẋF = Ax F − B(s)F (Cx F ) + B(s)D {u,v} sin δ Fuv , (6) where D {u,v} is the vector to extract the {u, v} element from the vector of nonlinear interactions F, while B(s) is the new system matrix B obtained after the susceptances are changed. We have the following result the proof of which is in the Appendix VIII.…”

Section: A Control Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the stressed system is especially vulnerable to large disturbances. The current emergency controls are based on remedial actions [1], [2], special protection systems (SPS) [3], [4] and load shedding [5], [6] to quickly rebalance power and hopefully stabilize the system. However, some of these emergency actions rely on interrupting electricity service to customers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Transmission Network Emergency Control

Vu,

Chiang,

Turitsyn

2015

Preprint

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Power systems normally operate at their stable operating conditions where the power supply and demand are balanced. In emergency situations, the operators proceed to cut a suitable amount of loads to rebalance the supply-demand and hopefully stabilize the system. This traditional emergency control scheme results in interrupted service with severely economic damages to customers. In order to provide seamless electricity service to customers, this paper proposes a viable alternative for traditional remedial controls of power grids by exploiting the plentiful transmission facilities. In particular, we consider two emergency control schemes involving adjustment of the susceptance of a number of selected transmission lines to drive either fault-on dynamics or post-fault dynamics, and thereby stabilize the system under emergency situations. The corresponding emergency control problems will be formulated and partly solved in some specific cases. Simple numerical simulation will be used to illustrate the concept of this paper.

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A critical review of the state‐of‐art schemes for under voltage load shedding

Larik

Mustafa

Aman

2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary A blackout is usually the result of increasing load beyond the transmission capacity of the power system. One of the main reasons for power blackouts is voltage collapse. To avoid this problem, the proper corrective measures called load shedding is required. In critical and extreme emergencies, under voltage load shedding (UVLS) is performed as a final remedy to avoid a larger scale voltage collapse. Therefore, UVLS is considered state of the art to achieve voltage stability. This review summarizes and updates the important aspects of UVLS; it also provides principle understanding of UVLS, which are critical in planning such defense schemes. Moreover, this article provides a discussion on recent state‐of‐art UVLS schemes applied in various power industries. Additionally, the pros and cons of the conventional and computational intelligence techniques are discussed. It is envisioned that this work will serve as one‐stop information for power system engineers, designers, and researches.

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A review of under-frequency load shedding scheme on TNB system

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

UFLS and Smart Load for Frequency Regulation in Electrical Power System: A Review

UFLS and Smart Load for Frequency Regulation in Electrical Power System: A Review

Smart Transmission Network Emergency Control

A critical review of the state‐of‐art schemes for under voltage load shedding

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