A Review of Various Pour Point Depressants Used for Flow Assurance in Oil Industries

Abstract

Crude oil needs to be transported from oil wells to refinery and storage facilities in one form or another to ultimately become end use products. After the successful extraction of oil from the ground it is mostly transported through pipelines where the crude oil experiences various changes in its physical and chemical properties. These rheological changes may cause numerous flow assurance problems such as wax and paraffin deposition which ultimately restricts the flow of oil. Chemical additives such as Pour Point depressants (PPDs) are used in this case for the efficient transportation of crude oil by lowering the Wax Deposition Temperature (WAT). Hence, in order to enhance the knowledge about PPDs, the mechanism of various types of Pour Point Depressant for aiding the flow of crude oil while transportation were discussed in this paper.

Waste Plastic Nanomagnetite Pour Point Depressants for Heavy and Light Egyptian Crude Oil

“…The generation of wax during the transportation and production of crude oil is one of the primary issues with flow assurance in the petroleum industry. Crude oil gets increasingly viscous as temperature drops, and once it drops below the pour point temperature, it cannot flow or be pumped . The lowest temperature at which lubricating oil flows or pours when chilled under controlled conditions is known as the pour point .…”

“…Crude oil gets increasingly viscous as temperature drops, and once it drops below the pour point temperature, it cannot flow or be pumped. 16 The lowest temperature at which lubricating oil flows or pours when chilled under controlled conditions is known as the pour point. 11 Hence, the pour point is crucial in the petroleum industry.…”