A review of waste heat recovery and Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) in on-off highway vehicle Heavy Duty Diesel Engine applications

Lion, Simone; Michos, Constantine N.; Vlaskos, Ioannis; Rouaud, Cédric; Taccani, Rodolfo

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.082

Cited by 145 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The system seems suitable for marine propulsion [6], where the engine mainly operates in steady-state conditions. Furthermore, for such applications there are no relevant size and weight constraints, an aspect still valid for trucks and buses [7]. Conversely, passenger cars have strict mass and size requirements which make the installation of an ORC more difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant architecture and layout should fit with the application type, considering packaging and weight constraints. In fact, while for trucks, off-road engines, power generation engines, as well as marine engines, it is convenient to consider solutions to exploit the lower temperature heat sources to preheat the working fluid before entering the evaporator [16], simple configurations are usually more appropriate for passenger cars [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming a Diesel Engine Powered Passenger Car

et al. 2020

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Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants are characterized by high efficiency and flexibility, as a result of a high degree of maturity. These systems are particularly suited for recovering energy from low temperature heat sources, such as exhaust heat from other plants. Despite ORCs having been assumed to be appropriate for stationary power plants, since their layout, size and weight constraints are less stringent, they represent a possible solution for improving the efficiency of propulsion systems for road transportation. The present paper investigates an ORC system recovering heat from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. A passenger car with a Diesel engine was tested over a Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycle. During the test exhaust gas mass flow rate and temperature have been measured, thus calculating the enthalpy stream content available as heat addition to ORC plant in actual driving conditions. Engine operating conditions during the test were discretized with a 10-point grid in the engine torque–speed plane. The ten discretized conditions were employed to evaluate the ORC power and the consequent engine efficiency increase in real driving conditions for the actual Rankine cycle. N-pentane (R601) was identified as the working fluid for ORC and R134a was employed as reference fluid for comparison purposes. The achievable power from the ORC system was calculated to be between 0.2 and 1.3 kW, with 13% system efficiency. The engine efficiency increment ranged from 2.0% to 7.5%, with an average efficiency increment of 4.6% over the RDE test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming a Diesel Engine Powered Passenger Car

et al. 2020

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“…The thermal energy can result from various sources, such as geothermal, solar, biomass combustion, waste heat recovery from industrial processes, or internal combustion engines. The power production levels of commercial ORCs range from 10 kW to 10 MW for a heat source temperature that varies between 100 • C and 300 • C. However, these temperatures and power ranges tend to be extended as a result of technological advances in micro combined heat and power (CHP) and heat recovery in the residential and road transport sectors [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Regarding the current energy concern, power production from waste heat recovery needs to be truly 2 of 21 investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensification of working fluids performances in existing systems is investigated so as to implement low-GWP fluids in existing ORC plants using banned fluids and thus enabling these installations to continue to operate at equivalent levels of performances [2,19,[62][63][64]. One expected and investigated way to improve an existing ORC is to implement a zeotropic mixture as the working fluid in the existing system [6,19,62,63,65]. A zeotropic mixture is a blend of two or more pure fluids, with the specificity to have a non-isothermal phase-change at constant pressure, an evaporation step, and a condensation step in the ORC; this in contrast to a pure fluid and an azeotropic mixture, whose change from a liquid state to a gaseous state is, reciprocally, performed at constant temperature and constant pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study and Optimization of the Organic Rankine Cycle with Pure NovecTM649 and Zeotropic Mixture NovecTM649/HFE7000 as Working Fluid

et al. 2019

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The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is widely used in industry to recover low-grade heat. Recently, some research on the ORC has focused on micro power production with new low global warming potential (GWP) replacement working fluids. However, few experimental tests have investigated the real performance level of this system in comparison with the ORC using classical fluids. This study concerns the experimental analysis and comparison of a compact (0.25 m3) Organic Rankine Cycle installation using as working fluids the NovecTM649 pure fluid and a zeotropic mixture composed of 80% NovecTM649 and 20% HFE7000 (mass composition) for low-grade waste heat conversion to produce low power. The purpose of this experimental test bench is to study replacement fluids and characterize them as possible replacement fluid candidates for an existing ORC system. The ORC performance with the pure fluid, which is the media specifically designed for this conversion system, shows good results as a replacement fluid in comparison with the ORC literature. The use of the mixture leads to a 10% increase in the global performance of the installation. Concerning the expansion component, an axial micro-turbine, its performance is only slightly affected by the use of the mixture. These results show that zeotropic mixtures can be used as an adjustment parameter for a given ORC installation and thus allow for the best use of the heat source available to produce electricity.

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“…ORC applications to internal combustion engines is recent and still in a pre-commercial phase [1]. These systems appear convenient for marine propulsion, characterized by almost constant operating conditions without relevant size constraints, and for heavy duty compression ignition engines for trucks and buses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottoming Organic Rankine Cycles for Passenger Cars

Mariani¹,

Morrone²,

Unich³

2019

IJES

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Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) are very efficient and flexible conversion systems with a high degree of maturity. They can be used with different heat sources, mainly using exhaust heat from different processing also with low temperature level sources. They have been mainly considered suitable for stationary power plants. Furthermore, the limitations of layout and size are less stringent if compared with road transportation propulsion systems, in particular when passenger cars are considered. In this paper, the authors numerically investigate an ORC system as a bottoming solution for energy recovery from exhaust gases for internal combustion engine (ICE) passenger car. A passenger car was tested over a Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycle. Exhaust gas mass flow rate and temperature have been sampled allowing calculation of the thermal power available for the ORC plant at realistic driving conditions. The engine operational range was discretized using engine torque and speed values. As a result, a grid of 10 points was set up in the operational plane and the running conditions assigned to the closest discretized point in the grid, each one characterized by a residence time. The ORC recovered power resulted between 0.5 and 2.5 kW, the Rankine cycle efficiency ranged from 11 to 12% while engine efficiency increase varied from 2.5 to 12%. By considering the permanence time in each discretized operating condition the engine efficiency increment resulted slightly higher than 6%.

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A review of waste heat recovery and Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) in on-off highway vehicle Heavy Duty Diesel Engine applications

Cited by 145 publications

References 94 publications

An Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming a Diesel Engine Powered Passenger Car

An Organic Rankine Cycle Bottoming a Diesel Engine Powered Passenger Car

Experimental Study and Optimization of the Organic Rankine Cycle with Pure NovecTM649 and Zeotropic Mixture NovecTM649/HFE7000 as Working Fluid

Bottoming Organic Rankine Cycles for Passenger Cars

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