A review of wheat cultivars grown in the Canadian prairies

McCallum, Brent D.; DePauw, R. M.

doi:10.4141/cjps07159

Cited by 119 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…After proving drought and rust resistant in controlled tests, several durum introductions diffused rapidly in Minnesota and the Dakotas (13,22). Table 1, which lists a number of important new wheat cultivars, hints at the growing importance of public breeding (18,23,24). (The distinction between the public and private sectors is not precise, because breeders in both sectors use germplasm from the other.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting North American wheat production to climatic challenges, 1839–2009

Olmstead

Rhode

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that temperatures in the major grain-growing areas of North America will rise by 3–4 °C by 2100. Such abrupt changes will create major challenges, significantly altering the area suitable for wheat. The historical record offers insight into the capability of agriculture to adapt to climatic challenges. Using a new county-level dataset on wheat production and climate norms, we show that during the 19th and 20th centuries North American grain farmers pushed wheat production into environments once considered too arid, too variable, and too harsh to cultivate. As summary measures, the median annual precipitation norm of the 2007 distribution of North American wheat production was one-half that of the 1839 distribution, and the median annual temperature norm was 3.7 °C lower. This shift, which occurred mostly before 1929, required new biological technologies. The Green Revolution associated with the pioneering work of Norman Borlaug represented an important advance in this longer process of biological innovation. However, well before the Green Revolution, generations of North American farmers overcame significant climatic challenges.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting North American wheat production to climatic challenges, 1839–2009

Olmstead

Rhode

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

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“…Glenlea was the only Canadian extra strong wheat grown in the trial. Glenlea is generally characterized as having medium protein content and stronger gluten than the other cultivars studied [34]. Recently, it was reported that the introduction of semi-dwarf high-yielding cultivars has coincided with a decrease in wheat grain Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg contents [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Soil Microbial Community and Grain Micronutrient Concentration of Historical and Modern Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally in the Black Soil Zone of the Canadian Prairies

et al. 2011

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Micronutrient deficiencies in the diet of many people are common and wheat is a staple food crop, providing a carbohydrate and micronutrient source to a large percentage of the world's population. We conducted a field study to compare five Canadian red spring wheat cultivars (released over the last century) grown under organic and conventional management systems for yield, grain micronutrient concentration, and soil phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profile. The organic system had higher grain Zn, Fe, Mg and K levels, but lower Se and Cu levels. There was no trend in the results to suggest that modern western Canadian hard red spring cultivars have lower grain micronutrient content than historical cultivars. Wheat cultivar choice is important for maximizing grain nutrient levels, OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2011, 3 501 which was influenced by management system. It is evident that the emphasis on elevated grain quality in the western Canadian hard red spring class has resulted in the retention of micronutrient quality characters. Three fungal PLFAs were indicators for the organic system, and all three of these indicators were positively correlated with grain Cu concentration. In the organic system, percent arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were negatively correlated with grain Zn and Fe concentrations, and positively correlated with grain Mn, Cu, K concentrations and grain yield. The organic system had higher levels of fungi in the soil, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Organic management practices appear to result in elevated levels of grain micronutrient concentration. The hard red spring breeding effort in and for the black soil zone of the northern Great Plains also appears to have led to no diminishment of grain micronutrient concentration. It is evident that both the agronomic system and breeding strategies in this region can be exploited for future increases in grain micronutrient concentration.

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“…McKenzie had 12.7% higher grain yield than the highest yielding check in the test and similar grain protein concentration and resistance to most diseases at the time of registration. McKenzie has the gene Lr21 which confers resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust (McCallum & DePauw 2008 (DePauw et al 2005). Lillian has a solid stem which confers resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.…”

Section: Canada Western Red Spring (Cwrs) Doubled Haploid Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New breeding tools impact Canadian commercial farmer fields

DePauw¹,

Knox²,

Humphreys³

et al. 2011

CZECH J GENET PLANT

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Abstract:The high cost of cultivar development encourages efficiencies to reduce time and costs to develop cultivars. Doubled haploid (DH) technology and marker assisted breeding (MAB) are two such tools that improve efficiencies. Since 1997, twenty five wheat cultivars in seven market classes, developed using DH methods, have been registered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. These DH cultivars accounted for more than one third of the Canadian wheat acreage in 2009. The DH cultivar Lillian, eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring class and currently the most widely grown wheat cultivar in Canada, was developed using MAB to improve grain protein content with the Gpc-B1/Yr36 on chromosome 6BS introgressed from Triticum turgidum L. (Zhuk.) dicoccoides (Körn. Ex Asch. & Graebn). AC Andrew, a Canada Western Soft White spring DH cultivar, was the most widely grown cultivar in its class for the last two years. The new market class, Canada Western Hard White Spring wheat, is based entirely on DH cultivars. Goodeve, one of the first Canada Western Red Spring cultivars released with the gene Sm1 on chromosome 2BS for resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin)) was selected by application of the DNA marker WM1. Glencross, the first cultivar in the Canada Western Extra Strong wheat class with Sm1, was selected using the WM1 marker on haploid plants prior to doubling. Development of the durum wheat cultivars CDC Verona and Brigade involved the use of a marker for Cdu1, a major gene on chromosome 5B that regulates grain cadmium concentration. Marker technology permits a more strategic and integrated approach to breeding by quantifying the introgression of various key genes into advanced breeding material, identifying targeted loci in parents and following up with MAB in the progeny.

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A review of wheat cultivars grown in the Canadian prairies

Cited by 119 publications

References 91 publications

Adapting North American wheat production to climatic challenges, 1839–2009

Adapting North American wheat production to climatic challenges, 1839–2009

The Soil Microbial Community and Grain Micronutrient Concentration of Historical and Modern Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally in the Black Soil Zone of the Canadian Prairies

New breeding tools impact Canadian commercial farmer fields

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