A review of Willow (Salix spp.) as an integrated biorefinery feedstock

Baker, Paul; Charlton, Adam; Johnston, Chris; Leahy, James J.; Lindegaard, Kevin; Pisano, Italo; Prendergast, John; Preskett, Dave; Skinner, Campbell

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115823

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…A study by Przybysz et al [70] found that 'Hybryda275' poplar had a higher cellulose content (52.4% DM) in older wood, which is consistent with the levels found in this study for this genotype during the quadrennial harvest cycle. Quite diverse, but also often very high cellulose content (54-59%) and low lignin content (17-22%) in willow biomass were reported by Baker et al [71]. A similar lignin content (16-22%) in S. viminalis biomass was also determined by Gao et al [72].…”

Section: Srwc Wood Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 65%

Willow, Poplar, and Black Locust Debarked Wood as Feedstock for Energy and Other Purposes

Stolarski,

Gil,

Krzyżaniak

et al. 2024

Energies

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Solid biomass can be used for energy generation and the production of various renewable bioproducts. The aim of this study was to determine the yield and characteristics of wood obtained as debarking residue from 14 genotypes of short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs). These included five Populus genotypes, one Robinia genotype, and eight Salix genotypes, harvested in both annual and quadrennial cycles. The results showed that the highest dry wood yield (12.42 Mg ha−1 y−1 DM) and yield energy value (244.34 GJ ha−1 y−1) were obtained from willow (cultivar Żubr) harvested in a quadrennial cycle. The best effect among the poplar genotypes was achieved for the Hybryda275, and it was particularly marked in the quadrennial harvest cycle. The poorest results were determined for black locust. The Robinia characteristics included the significantly lowest moisture content (31.6%), which was a positive attribute from the energy point of view, but, on the other hand, it had some adverse characteristics—the highest levels of sulfur (0.033% DM), nitrogen (0.38% DM), and ash (0.69% DM). More beneficial properties in this respect were determined for willow and poplar wood. Moreover, willow and poplar wood contained more cellulose—51.8 and 50.0% DM, respectively—compared with black locust. Extending the SRWC shoot harvest cycle from annual to quadrennial resulted in an increase in cellulose, lignin, and carbon, higher heating value, and a decrease in nitrogen, sulfur, ash, and moisture content. Therefore, extending the harvest cycle improved the parameters of SRWC wood as an energy feedstock.

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Section: Srwc Wood Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 65%

Willow, Poplar, and Black Locust Debarked Wood as Feedstock for Energy and Other Purposes

Stolarski,

Gil,

Krzyżaniak

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…More studies investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of willow bark extract by studying salicin and other compounds. Not only salicylic acid and salicin but also other phenolic glucosides occurring in willow biomass have antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antimicrobial and anticoagulant effects in humans, animals and bacterial cells [3,31,32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicin Content From Salix Alba L. And Salix Purpurea L. Extracts and Its Antibacterial Effects

Carpa¹,

Remizovschi²,

BURTESCU³

et al. 2022

Contrib.Bot.

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The species Salix alba L. and Salix purpurea L. are medicinal herbs, frequently used in the pharmaceutical industry. This study performs phytochemical and antibacterial analysis of ethanolic extracts from the bark of these two species. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were performed by thin-layer chromatography identifying the salicin and salicylic acid; the salicin content was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. The bark extracts yielded 4.300 μg/ml-1 salicin for Salix alba and 1.167 μg/ml-1 salicin for Salix purpurea. The plant extracts were tested on Gram negative and positive bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Both tested strains showed a mild resistance, but S. aureus showed slightly higher inhibition by all extract samples.

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“…22,23 Instead of burning the valuable biomass, the willow could be fractionated into fiber and extractive feeds for more-resource wise utilization. 24 In this work, we produced self-standing thin fiber foam films from high-consistency cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and methylcellulose (MC). Willow bark extract (WBE) was added to the system to bring bioactive properties in the resulting fiber foam films.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Willows ( Salix sp.) are fast-growing crops that have been utilized, for instance, for medicinal purposes and energy production. , Instead of burning the valuable biomass, the willow could be fractionated into fiber and extractive feeds for more-resource wise utilization …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioactive Fiber Foam Films from Cellulose and Willow Bark Extract with Improved Water Tolerance

Lohtander,

Koso,

Huynh

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Cellulose-based materials are gaining increasing attention in the packaging industry as sustainable packaging material alternatives. Lignocellulosic polymers with high quantities of surface hydroxyls are inherently hydrophilic and hygroscopic, making them moisture-sensitive, which has been retarding the utilization of cellulosic materials in applications requiring high moisture resistance. Herein, we produced lightweight all-cellulose fiber foam films with improved water tolerance. The fiber foams were modified with willow bark extract (WBE) and alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). AKD improved the water stability, while the addition of WBE was found to improve the dry strength of the fiber foam films and bring additional functionalities, that is, antioxidant and ultraviolet protection properties, to the material. Additionally, WBE and AKD showed a synergistic effect in improving the hydrophobicity and water tolerance of the fiber foam films. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy indicated that the interactions among WBE, cellulose, and AKD were physical, with no formation of covalent bonds. The findings of this study broaden the possibilities to utilize cellulose-based materials in high-value active packaging applications, for instance, for pharmaceutical and healthcare products or as water-resistant coatings for textiles, besides bulk packaging materials.

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A review of Willow (Salix spp.) as an integrated biorefinery feedstock

Cited by 18 publications

References 129 publications

Willow, Poplar, and Black Locust Debarked Wood as Feedstock for Energy and Other Purposes

Willow, Poplar, and Black Locust Debarked Wood as Feedstock for Energy and Other Purposes

Salicin Content From Salix Alba L. And Salix Purpurea L. Extracts and Its Antibacterial Effects

Bioactive Fiber Foam Films from Cellulose and Willow Bark Extract with Improved Water Tolerance

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