A Review of Woven Tracheal Stents: Materials, Structures, and Application

Chen, Xu; Ma, Yanxue; Huang, Hai‐Hua; Ruan, Zheng; Li, Yuling

doi:10.3390/jfb13030096

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] These discoveries extend beyond medical sampling and have potential applications in fields, such as engineering, construction, and beyond. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] However, most of the research on mechanical performance has focused on tensile, compressive, and bending tests, with little attention given to torsional DOI: 10.1002/adem.202301876 Additive manufacturing has proven to be a reliable and quick method for creating devices and tools. One example is 3D-printed nasal swabs that require robust mechanical strength while maintaining adequate flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These discoveries extend beyond medical sampling and have potential applications in fields, such as engineering, construction, and beyond. [ 32–42 ] However, most of the research on mechanical performance has focused on tensile, compressive, and bending tests, with little attention given to torsional properties. Nevertheless, torsion is particularly important for tubular structures, [ 43–46 ] such as nasal swabs reviewed in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Tunable Torsional Mechanical Properties of 3D‐Printed Tubular Metamaterials

Zhang,

Liu,

Usta

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Additive manufacturing has proven to be a reliable and quick method for creating devices and tools, particularly during disruptions to supply chains. One example is 3D printed nasal swabs with tubular structures that require robust mechanical strength while maintaining adequate flexibility. However, there is a lack of detailed understanding on the mechanical response of tubular structures under torsion loading. The goal of this work is to understand the torsional behavior of a new group of 3D printed tubular metamaterials. We used the idea of mechanical metamaterials and started with a simple rectangular lattice. Two main design methods were used: reinforced lattices and compliant lattices. First, we added diagonal reinforced beams to enhance the torsional rigidity, inspired by the lattice structure of sea sponges. Furthermore, we added pre‐buckling to the straight beam, creating a flexible structure that increases the maximum torsional resistance. Our experiments demonstrated the sponge‐inspired design exhibits enhanced stiffness approximately 21 times that of baseline tubular designs. Moreover, the strength and toughness of the sponge‐inspired design are approximately 2.5 and 3 times higher, respectively. By curving the straight beam, we created a set of compliant tubulars that improve flexibility. The torsional angle is increased by at least 2.7 times, while the torsional toughness can reach up to 17 times. Numerical simulations have demonstrated that introducing triangulation into the diagonal reinforced lattice can enhance its stiffness and stability. This is achieved by effectively distributing stress, thereby contributing to structural rigidity. By curving a straight beam and constructing a compliant lattice, stresses are more evenly distributed over a larger area, allowing for greater deformation of the beam without causing failure. Using these two design strategies helps in creating tubular metamaterials with varied applications. Industries requiring high torsional resistance, such as aerospace parts and the automotive industry, can particularly benefit from these materials. They also offer advantages for sectors that need enhanced flexibility, like wearable electronics and soft robotics.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Tunable Torsional Mechanical Properties of 3D‐Printed Tubular Metamaterials

Zhang,

Liu,

Usta

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Unfortunately, none distinguished among the others for fully satisfactory outcomes in vivo [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Scar tissue formation with graft stenosis and obstruction, not adequate biomechanical characteristics, required stenting to avoid collapse, lifelong immunosuppressive therapies, and technical surgical challenges were included among the main critical issues [ 12 ]. Additionally, as supported by preclinical and early clinical evidence, incomplete or even absent re-epithelization of the graft was possibly encountered, responsible for impaired mucus clearance, recurrent infections, and consequent implant failure [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and In Vitro/In Vivo Comparative Characterization of Cryopreserved and Decellularized Tracheal Grafts

Stocco

Barbon

Mammana

et al. 2023

Cells

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Tracheal reconstruction represents a challenge when primary anastomosis is not feasible. Within this scenario, the study aim was to develop a new pig-derived decellularized trachea (DecellT) to be compared with the cryopreserved counterpart (CryoT) for a close predictive analysis. Tracheal segments underwent decellularization by a physical + enzymatic + chemical method (12 cycles); in parallel, cryopreserved samples were also prepared. Once decellularized (histology/DNA quantification), the two groups were characterized for Alpha-Gal epitopes/structural proteins (immunohistochemistry/histology/biochemical assays/second harmonic generation microscopy)/ultrastructure (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM))/mechanical behaviour. Cytotoxicity absence was assessed in vitro (extract-test assay/direct seeding, HM1SV40 cell line) while biocompatibility was verified in BALB/c mice, followed by histological/immunohistochemical analyses and SEM (14 days). Decellularization effectively removed Alpha-Gal epitopes; cartilage histoarchitecture was retained in both groups, showing chondrocytes only in the CryoT. Cryopreservation maintained few respiratory epithelium sparse cilia, not detectable in DecellT. Focusing on ECM, preserved structural/ultrastructural organization and collagen content were observed in the cartilage of both; conversely, the GAGs were significantly reduced in DecellT, as confirmed by mechanical study results. No cytotoxicity was highlighted by CryoT/DecellT in vitro, as they were also corroborated by a biocompatibility assay. Despite some limitations (cells presence/GAGs reduction), CryoT/DecellT are both appealing options, which warrant further investigation in comparative in vivo studies.

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“…Obstruction in the central airways may lead to dyspnea and suffocation. Therefore, it needs immediate and appropriate treatment (Oki and Saka, 2013;Xu et al, 2022). One of the urgent treatments for airway obstruction is to use a stent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of silicone-silica nanocomposites airway stent

Morad Hasely,

Farahani,

Baniassadi

et al. 2023

Front. Mater.

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Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years, many patients after extubation had stenosis in all tracheal areas because of long-term intubation. Therefore, tracheal stenosis in these patients is benign and can be treated using silicone stents, and many patients need silicone stents during recovery. A silicone stent is an artificial support that plays a significant role in managing airway obstruction.Methods: This research aims to fabricate an optimal silicone stent reinforced with Nanosilica by vacuumed injection molding. Materials-based nanocomposites are made of rtv2 silicone with 1wt%, 3wt%, and 5wt% of hydrophilic and hydrophobic Nanosilica particles. Hardness, tensile, and hydrophobicity properties have been performed for the experimental characterization of the nanocomposites.Results and Discussion: The uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the silicone matrix has been confirmed using SEM images. Adding Nano-silica increases hardness and tensile strength and improves the silicone matrix’s mechanical properties. Also, the addition of nanoparticles changes the surface hydrophobicity properties and roughness. Although the presence of nanoparticles improves the mechanical properties, it also reduces the transparency and increases the viscosity. Our results show that adding 1wt%. Hydrophobic Nano-silica improves nanocomposites’ mechanical properties and preserves transparency and viscosity (mold-ability) for stent construction. Adding 3wt%. Hydrophilic Nano-silica improves mechanical and hydrophobic properties, but moldability is not easy. Finally, the fabricated nanocomposite airway stents were successfully placed on the sheep trachea in the pilot animal study.

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A Review of Woven Tracheal Stents: Materials, Structures, and Application

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Exploring Tunable Torsional Mechanical Properties of 3D‐Printed Tubular Metamaterials

Exploring Tunable Torsional Mechanical Properties of 3D‐Printed Tubular Metamaterials

Development and In Vitro/In Vivo Comparative Characterization of Cryopreserved and Decellularized Tracheal Grafts

Design and fabrication of silicone-silica nanocomposites airway stent

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