A Review of Zoonotic Infection Risks Associated with the Wild Meat Trade in Malaysia

Cantlay, Jennifer C.; Ingram, Daniel J.; Meredith, Anna

doi:10.1007/s10393-017-1229-x

Cited by 103 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…Elsewhere in Kenya and Africa where wildlife exist in unprotected areas, there have been reports of human anthrax cases associated with slaughter and consumption of dead wildlife. 31 , 32 Interestingly, most (46.7%) of the human cases in this study were gastrointestinal anthrax, including the two cases that died, contrary to outbreaks globally where cutaneous anthrax is the most common form. 2 This is associated with the butchering dead animals and selling the meat cheaply or giving it free to neighboring households, a common practice among the poor, rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Recurrent Anthrax Outbreaks in Humans, Livestock, and Wildlife in the Same Locality, Kenya, 2014–2017

Muturi

Gachohi

Mwatondo

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.Epidemiologic data indicate a global distribution of anthrax outbreaks associated with certain ecosystems that promote survival and viability of Bacillus anthracis spores. Here, we characterized three anthrax outbreaks involving humans, livestock, and wildlife that occurred in the same locality in Kenya between 2014 and 2017. Clinical and epidemiologic data on the outbreaks were collected using active case finding and review of human, livestock, and wildlife health records. Information on temporal and spatial distribution of prior outbreaks in the area was collected using participatory epidemiology. The 2014–2017 outbreaks in Nakuru West subcounty affected 15 of 71 people who had contact with infected cattle (attack rate = 21.1%), including seven with gastrointestinal, six with cutaneous, and two with oropharyngeal forms of the disease. Two (13.3%) gastrointestinal human anthrax cases died. No human cases were associated with infected wildlife. Of the 54 cattle owned in 11 households affected, 20 died (attack rate = 37%). The 2015 outbreak resulted in death of 10.5% of the affected herbivorous wildlife at Lake Nakuru National Park, including 745 of 4,500 African buffaloes (species-specific mortality rate = 17%) and three of 18 endangered white rhinos (species-specific mortality rate = 16%). The species mortality rate ranged from 1% to 5% for the other affected wildlife species. Participatory epidemiology identified prior outbreaks between 1973 and 2011 in the same area. The frequency and severity of outbreaks in this area suggests that it is an anthrax hotspot ideal for investigating risk factors associated with long-term survival of anthrax spores and outbreak occurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Recurrent Anthrax Outbreaks in Humans, Livestock, and Wildlife in the Same Locality, Kenya, 2014–2017

Muturi

Gachohi

Mwatondo

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…They were confiscated at holding facilities, ports or borders prior to shipment, and had not yet been exposed to multiple potential sources of infection, unlike the confiscated animals in China reported by Xiao et al, (2020) and Lam et al, (2020). An array of pathogens and infections have been observed in wet markets, in wildlife (Dong et al, 2007;Cantlay et al, 2017), in humans (Xu et al, 2004) and in domestic animals (Karesh et al, 2005). In comparison to wildlife screened from the wild (Poon et al, 2004) and from farms (Tu et al, 2004;Kan et al, 2005), wildlife in markets have a much higher chance of exposure to pathogens and disease spillover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of coronaviruses or other potentially zoonotic viruses in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) entering the wildlife trade via Malaysia

Lee

Hughes

Lee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The legal and illegal trade in wildlife for food, medicine and other products is a globally significant threat to biodiversity that is also responsible for the emergence of pathogens that threaten human and livestock health and our global economy. Trade in wildlife likely played a role in the origin of COVID-19, and viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 have been identified in bats and pangolins, both traded widely. To investigate the possible role of pangolins as a source of potential zoonoses, we collected throat and rectal swabs from 334 Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica)

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“…Such a belief may motivate people to consume or use bat meat or other organs. In many studies [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], it was found that humans consume bat meat as part of their traditional and cultural beliefs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh

Hassan

Kalam

Alam

et al. 2020

Animals

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Bats are known reservoirs of Nipah virus (NiV) and some filoviruses and also appear likely to harbor the evolutionary progenitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While bats are considered a reservoir of deadly viruses, little is known about people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat conservation and ecology. The current study aimed to assess community people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat ecology, myths, and the role of bats in transmitting NiV in Bangladesh. Since 2001, NiV has been a continuous threat to public health with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in Bangladesh. Over the years, many public health interventions have been implemented to raise awareness about bats and the spreading of NiV among the community peoples of Nipah outbreak areas (NOAs) and Nipah non-outbreak areas (NNOAs). We hypothesized that people from both areas might have similar knowledge of bat ecology and myths about bats but different knowledge regarding their role in the spreading of NiV. Using a four-point Likert scale-based questionnaire, our analysis showed that most people lack adequate knowledge regarding the role of bats in maintaining the ecological balance and instead trust their beliefs in different myths about bats. Factor score analysis showed that respondents’ gender (p = 0.01), the outbreak status of the area (p = 0.03), and their occupation (p = 0.04) were significant factors influencing their knowledge of bat ecology and myths. A regression analysis showed that farmers had 0.34 times the odds of having correct or positive knowledge of bat ecology and myths than businesspersons (odds ratio (OR) = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.15–0.78, p = 0.01). Regarding the spreading of NiV via bats, people had a lower level of knowledge. In NOAs, age (p = 0.00), occupation (p = 0.00), and level of education (p = 0.00) were found to be factors contributing to the amount of knowledge regarding the transmission of NiV, whereas in NNOAs, the contributing factors were occupation (p = 0.00) and level of education (p = 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that respondents who were engaged in services (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.07–8.54, p = 0.04) and who had completed primary education (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.02–9.17, p < 0.05) were likely to have correct knowledge regarding the spreading of NiV. Based on the study results, we recommend educational interventions for targeted groups in the community, highlighting the ecosystem services and conservation of bats so as to improve people’s current knowledge and subsequent behavior regarding the role of bats in ecology and the spreading of NiV in Bangladesh.

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A Review of Zoonotic Infection Risks Associated with the Wild Meat Trade in Malaysia

Cited by 103 publications

References 168 publications

Recurrent Anthrax Outbreaks in Humans, Livestock, and Wildlife in the Same Locality, Kenya, 2014–2017

Recurrent Anthrax Outbreaks in Humans, Livestock, and Wildlife in the Same Locality, Kenya, 2014–2017

No evidence of coronaviruses or other potentially zoonotic viruses in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) entering the wildlife trade via Malaysia

Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh

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