A review on 3D printed implant for oral and maxillofacial surgery

Advances and Prospects in Materials for Craniofacial Bone Reconstruction

“…From the earliest autologous bone and allogeneic bone to the later polyethylene (PE), poly­(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), silicone, bioceramics (such as hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfates, bioactive glasses, etc. ), alloys, as well as the more commonly used titanium mesh (TM) and the composites therein have been applied to clinical practice. − Besides, in recent years more advanced resorbable materials with sufficient strength and moderate degradation rate have emerged, which is especially meaningful in the craniofacial bone repair species of pediatric and adolescent patients, considering the development of craniofacial bone in growing children. The main absorbable materials currently used in craniomaxillofacial surgery are aliphatic polyesters, such as RapidSorb (PLLA), Polymax (P­(L/DL) LA), etc. − Fewer resorbable products with osteoconductive activity, such as PLLA-μHA complexes (FIXSORB MX), are available. − In recent years, modifications of titanium mesh, , biodegradable alloys such as magnesium alloys, , addition of coatings with antimicrobial or biocompatible properties on the surface of the alloy, materials that can deform with children’s bone development, , and other patented designs try to make up for the shortcomings of the existing materials on the market, and resorbable composites that combine the advantages of a variety of materials themselves have become a current research hotspot and a trend in the development of bone repair materials.…”