A Review on Advanced Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Guo, Yuanqing; Qi, Peishi; Liu, Y Z

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/63/1/012025

Cited by 90 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Energy and environmental sustainability is of major concern to environmental engineers in contemporary times. In light of these, researchers have over the years developed numerous techniques for the treatment of polluted effluents [1,2]. A popular technique is adsorption by biomaterials also known as biosorption [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mini-review of the morphological properties of biosorbents derived from plant leaves

Ighalo

Adeniyi

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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A key feature of biosorption studies is the utilisation of different analytical techniques to evaluate several aspects of the process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the morphology features of biosorbents. In this mini-review, research efforts by scientists in evaluating the morphological properties of plant leaves biosorbents was discussed. The way in which results have been interpreted and what inferences have been deduced was also discussed. Biosorbents obtained from plant leaves generally possess heterogeneous and irregular surface containing a variety of cavities, holes, voids, cracks, interstices and convolutions. NaOH pre-treatment (also known as mercerisation) helps to remove lignin and oil from the biomass as well as increasing the roughness of the base cellulose. Smoother surfaces with fewer features are observed after sorption of some chemical species (be it pollutants or a modification agent). It was observed that impregnation with nanoparticles usually leads to nanoparticle macro-clusters observable at high resolutions while any previously observed cavities, holes, ruptures and voids tends to disappear. Carbonisation and calcination gives a more porous adsorbent. Chemical modification despite reducing the total surface area of the adsorbent can actually increase the adsorption capacity due to adjustments in functional groups, effects on the solution chemistry and the improvement of the inherent affinity of the biosorbent due to the modification. SEM analysis is even more important in recent times where the functionalisation of adsorbents and biosorbents is a common practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mini-review of the morphological properties of biosorbents derived from plant leaves

Ighalo

Adeniyi

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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“…The pharmaceutical biomedical wastewater was initially characterized for its physiochemical parameters as per APHA standard methods [19] and it was then treated with IFBBR [36,37]. Table 5 shows the physiochemical characteristics of the treated pharmaceutical biomedical wastewater.…”

Section: Physiochemical Analysis Of Treated Pharmaceutical Based Biommentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of flow dynamic characteristics of inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor for degrading pharmaceutical based biomedical wastewater

Begum¹,

Sikkandar

Prakash³

et al. 2020

Environmental Engineering Research

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The paper investigates the flow dynamic behaviour of inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor (IFBBR) for the treatment of pharmaceutical based biomedical wastewater. The residence time distribution (RTD) study has been employed as a tool to investigate the flow dynamic behaviour of wastewater within the reactor. The biofilm reactor is operated using Pseudomonas fluorescens for various ratios of settled bed volume to reactor working volume (V b /V r) with different superficial air velocities and examined their impact on flow dynamics. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the presence of dead volume and short circuiting in the reactor were reduced for the optimized (V b /V r) ratio of 0.20 and optimum superficial air velocity (U g) m of 0.220 m/s. The potential of IFBBR was experimentally validated by analysing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) emanating from the wastewater. Findings of this study reveals that maximum COD reduction of about 92% was achieved when the reactor was operated with (V b /V r) m of 0.20 with superficial air velocity, U gm of 0.220 m/s showing the optimal operating parameters for IFBBR which has good mixing and less back mixing condition inside the reactor.

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“…Reverse osmosis, often referred to as tight membrane has been widely used in brackish water and wastewater treatment with its effectiveness in desalination against conventional thermal Multi stage flash. High external pressure of 15-150 bar which is a function of the hypertonic feed and greater than the osmotic pressure is applied to retain dissolved solute and solvent permeation at a MWCO around 100 Da through diffusion mechanism [37][38][39]. Using concentration gradient as the driving force, separation and concentration in forward osmosis (FO) occurs as the concentrated solution (e.g., salts such as NaCl) draws water from a less concentrated feed solution.…”

Section: Reverse and Forward Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Water and Wastewater for Reuse and Energy Generation-Emerging Technologies

Tetteh¹,

Rathilal²,

Chetty³

et al. 2019

Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Fresh water quality and supply, particularly for domestic and industrial purposes, are deteriorating with contamination threats on water resources. Multiple technologies in the conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) settings have been adopted to purify water to a desirable quality. However, the design and selection of a suitable cost-effective treatment scheme for a catchment area are essential and have many considerations including land availability, energy, effluent quality and operational simplicity. Three emerging technologies are discussed, including anaerobic digestion, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and membrane technology, which holds great promise to provide integrational alternatives for manifold WWT process and distribution systems to mitigate contaminants and meet acceptable limitations. The main applications, basic principles, merits and demerits of the aforementioned technologies are addressed in relation to their current limitations and future research needs in terms of renewable energy. Hence, the advancement in manufacturing industry along with WWT blueprints will enhance the application of these technologies for the sustainable management and conservation of water.

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A Review on Advanced Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Cited by 90 publications

References 1 publication

A mini-review of the morphological properties of biosorbents derived from plant leaves

A mini-review of the morphological properties of biosorbents derived from plant leaves

Investigation of flow dynamic characteristics of inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor for degrading pharmaceutical based biomedical wastewater

Treatment of Water and Wastewater for Reuse and Energy Generation-Emerging Technologies

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