A Review on Battery Thermal Management for New Energy Vehicles

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with relatively high energy density and power density are considered an important energy source for new energy vehicles (NEVs). However, LIBs are highly sensitive to temperature, which makes their thermal management challenging. Developing a high-performance battery thermal management system (BTMS) is crucial for the battery to retain high efficiency and security. Generally, the BTMS is divided into three categories based on the physical properties of the cooling medium, including phase change materials (PCMs), liquid, and air. This paper discusses the effect of temperature on the performance of individual batteries and battery systems, at first. Then, a systematic survey of the state-of-the-art BTMS is presented in terms of liquid-based, PCM-based, and air-based BTMS. To further utilize the heat source of the vehicle, the BTMS integrated with the vehicle thermal management system (VTMS) is discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for BTMS with the ability to cut off the thermal runaway are discussed. The primary aim of this review is to offer some guidelines for the design of safe and effective BTMS for the battery pack of NEVs.

A J-Type Air-Cooled Battery Thermal Management System Design and Optimization Based on the Electro-Thermal Coupled Model

“…This turbulence model has been shown to be effective in modeling general low-speed and low-pressure flow around obstacles in previous research [27][28][29]. The k-ε turbulence model includes two equations [3] for the turbulent kinetic energy k and the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ε.…”

“…Therefore, an increasing number of countries and regions are actively promoting the gradual substitution of electric vehicles (EVs) for fuel vehicles to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality [1]. Lithium-ion batteries, which offer high energy density and strong power density, are considered the best power source to date and have thus been widely adopted in EVs [2,3]. It is suggested that the temperature of a lithium-ion battery should maintain between 20 • C to 40 • C owing to its intrinsic chemistry and thermal properties [4].…”

Contactless Magnetoelectric Sensor Based on PVDF-TrFE and Metglass Laminates for Lithium-Ion Battery Current and Vibration Monitoring

“…1 With the continuous increasing energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the thermal runaway presents significant safety risk to human life and property. 2,3 Before thermal runaway occurs, great changes in temperature, pressure, current, and other characteristic parameters are found in lithium-ion batteries. 4−6 Thus, monitoring these characteristic parameters by using sensing technologies is a promising way to realize early warning of thermal runaway.…”

“…In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in consumer electronics, transportation fields, and energy storage . With the continuous increasing energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the thermal runaway presents significant safety risk to human life and property. , Before thermal runaway occurs, great changes in temperature, pressure, current, and other characteristic parameters are found in lithium-ion batteries. − Thus, monitoring these characteristic parameters by using sensing technologies is a promising way to realize early warning of thermal runaway. , Among these parameters, current is one of the most important ones . Current fluctuations can be monitored by current sensors to identify potential safety issues, such as internal or external short circuits in lithium-ion batteries.…”

Proposing a Hybrid BTMS Using a Novel Structure of a Microchannel Cold Plate and PCM

“…With the advancement of battery materials and structures, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries has been steadily increasing. As of 2020, the average energy density has reached 300 Wh/kg [2]. Improving the energy density of batteries leads to a higher demand for thermal safety.…”