A Review on Bioconversion of Agro-Industrial Wastes to Industrially Important Enzymes

Abstract

Agro-industrial waste is highly nutritious in nature and facilitates microbial growth. Most agricultural wastes are lignocellulosic in nature; a large fraction of it is composed of carbohydrates. Agricultural residues can thus be used for the production of various value-added products, such as industrially important enzymes. Agro-industrial wastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, corn cob and rice bran, have been widely investigated via different fermentation strategies for the production of enzymes. Solid-state fermentation holds much potential compared with submerged fermentation methods for the utilization of agro-based wastes for enzyme production. This is because the physical–chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. Recent studies have shown that pretreatment technologies can greatly enhance enzyme yields by several fold. This article gives an overview of how agricultural waste can be productively harnessed as a raw material for fermentation. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of studies conducted in the production of different commercially important enzymes using lignocellulosic food waste has been provided.

Laccase activity of the ascomycete fungus Nectriella pironii and innovative strategies for its production on leaf litter of an urban park

“…Till date, especially agricultural waste such as fruit peels, cereal bran, and straw or oil cakes have been successfully used for laccase production. Such residues contain polysaccharides and phenolic compounds that can stimulate both the fungal growth and subsequent laccase production [12]. Our previous study indicated rapeseed oil cake, hay, and sawdust as convenient substrates for laccase production by Myrothecium roridum [13].…”

Streptomyces thermocerradoensis I3 secretes a novel bifunctional xylanase/endoglucanase under solid‐state fermentation

“…Cellulose is difficult to hydrolyze even after pretreatment as it is closely linked with hemicelluloses and most of its structure is a highly ordered and tightly packed crystal. 31 The addition of xylanases facilitates the access to cellulases and increases the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis. In addition, systems with xylanase require less cellulase, thus reducing the costs involved in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis.…”

Resíduos Agroindustriais: Uma Alternativa Promissora E Sustentável Na Produção De Enzimas Por Microrganismos

“…Dentre esses metabólicos estão as enzimas, que são biomoléculas conhecidas como catalisadores biológicos que encontram aplicações em diversas indústrias, variando desde indústrias de panificação e fabricação de cerveja, celulose para produção de papel, e indústria de detergente. Devido ao seu alto grau de especificidade de substrato e parâmetros operacionais rigorosos e robustos, o uso de enzimas é preferido à catálise química em muitas situações (RAVINDRAN et al, 2018).…”

“…Resíduos agroindustriais, como bagaço de cana, espiga de milho e farelo de arroz, têm sido amplamente investigados para serem aproveitados como matéria-prima para diferentes estratégias de fermentação com vistas à produção de biomoléculas (RAVINDRAN et al, 2018…”