A review on biopolymer production via lignin valorization

Banu, J. Rajesh; Kavitha, S.; Kannah, R. Yukesh; Devi, T. Poornima; Gunasekaran, M.; Kim, Jun Seok; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121790

Cited by 204 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…More specifically, components extracted from wood products were the focus of many studies. This includes cellulose, 21,22 tannins, 6,23–25 and lignin 3,4,8,10,11,12,20,22,26,27,28–37,38–47,48,49 . Cellulose, is the main component of the wood structure and was generally liquefied to enter the polyol phase, using crude glycerol 21 or ethylene carbonate 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of lignin's pH on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it

Maillard

Osso

Faye

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Low pH of commercial lignins has a catastrophic impact on the polyurethane foaming reactions. Experiments were performed with 10 wt% of lignin with various pHs in polyols. Virgin lignin (pH 2.5, 35% moisture) has the most negative impact as it reduces the initial foam rising rate by 85% and the foam's final height by 35% as compared to the reference foam, lignin free. Drying of this lignin at 80°C for 12 h can reduce this impact while alkaline treatment to bring the lignin's pH to 6.6 almost cancel it. As revealed by in situ dielectric constant measurements, both reactions, gelling via polymerization and blowing via CO2 degassing, are impacted. In situ Fourier transform infrared analysis of the foaming process demonstrated that blowing reaction is the most pH sensitive. Two methods to counter the pH influence by pH modification were tested and provide interesting results but also significant drawbacks limiting their applicability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To complete the picture, most of the aromatic ring units are methoxylated and the molecule is cross‐linked to reach a significant, but non homogeneous, molecular weight (up to 10,000 g/mol). An example of structure is proposed in Figure 2(d) 26,48,50,51 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of lignin's pH on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it

Maillard

Osso

Faye

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Lignin is the most important natural source of aromatic compounds and is considered a very valuable material for the synthesis of high-added value products. [1][2][3] Nowadays, lignin is obtained as a byproduct of the paper and pulp industry, with an annual production of over 170 billion metric tons. [4] Despite its great potential, lignin has not yet been fully valorized and most of it is merely used to produce energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Strategies in the Synthesis of Lignin Nanoparticles for the Release of Active Compounds: A Comparison

et al. 2020

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The preparation of nanoparticles represents a powerful tool for lignin valorization, as it combines easy methodologies with high application potential. Different synthetic strategies and various lignin sources have been employed in the process. However, the great variability in the lignin structure prevents a direct comparison of the so far reported lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), especially as regards their physicochemical and functional properties. To this purpose, two green protocols, that is, solvent‐antisolvent and hydrotropic, were optimized and used to generate LNPs from the same softwood kraft lignin. The nanomaterials were fully characterized to extrapolate structure/property relationships and reveal any differences in the mechanism of self‐assembly. Furthermore, tests on methylene blue entrapment capacity and release behavior at two different pH values (2.0 and 7.4) evidenced a clear dependence on the LNPs characteristics and thus on the strategy adopted for their production.

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“…In the last decades, significant advances have been achieved in the development of sustainable processes targeting either the fractionation of the lignocellulosic biomass or the conversion of its constituents into valuable fuels and chemicals (De Bhowmick et al, 2018;Yiin et al, 2018;Yoo et al, 2020). As the most abundant aromatic macromolecules on earth, lignins can be valorized for the production of dispersants, adhesives, resins, composite biomaterials or even carbon fibers in replacement to the petroleum-derived products currently on the market (Ragauskas et al, 2014;Rajesh Banu et al, 2019). Further upgrading of lignins into higher added-value chemicals can also be achieved by catalytic depolymerization leading to the production of aromatic platform molecules or functionalized ingredients for food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other commodity products (Isikgor and Becer, 2015;Sun et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ extraction of depolymerization products by membrane filtration against lignin condensation

Steinmetz

Villain-Gambier

Klem

et al. 2020

Bioresource Technology

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Catalytic depolymerization of lignin is a challenging process due to competitive repolymerization reactions. In this paper, the oxidative depolymerization of lignin was catalyzed by a commercial laccase both in a batch experiment and in a membrane bioreactor using the same catalytic conditions. The membrane bioreactor was previously optimized to reach high permeation flux (25 L.h-1 .m-2) during lignin diafiltration. While the lignin was exclusively condensed in the batch experiment leading to high molecular weight macromolecules (from 9 to 16 kDa), its depolymerization was effective in the bioreactor producing fragments of less than 1 kDa thanks to the in-situ extraction of the reaction products. This paper demonstrates that the reactor configuration is playing an essential role in triggering or preventing lignin condensation. It also reports the first proof-of-concept demonstrating that in-situ membrane extraction of the reactive fragments of lignin from the bulk medium can be useful against detrimental repolymerization reactions.

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A review on biopolymer production via lignin valorization

Cited by 204 publications

References 116 publications

Influence of lignin's pH on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it

Influence of lignin's pH on polyurethane flexible foam formation and how to control it

Sustainable Strategies in the Synthesis of Lignin Nanoparticles for the Release of Active Compounds: A Comparison

In-situ extraction of depolymerization products by membrane filtration against lignin condensation

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