A Review on Bismuth Oxyhalide (BiOX, X=Cl, Br, I) Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Remediation

Abstract

Solar energy transformation over semiconductor-based photocatalysis is an ideal solution to environmental problems and future sustainability. Layered bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX, X = Cl, Br or I) are very attractive and promising photocatalysts in the environment fields. This review summarizes recent advances on the design of BiOX to enhance energy converting efficiency. Especially, the emerging techniques to enhance the photocatalytic behaviors of BiOX are discussed, including non-metal/metal doping, heterojunction engineering, carbon interfacing, coupling with noble metals, defect engineering, and morphology tuning. The application of BiOX composites in wastewater remediation is also reviewed in terms of organic photocatalytic oxidation and heavy metal ion photocatalytic reduction. Finally, the future chances and challenges of BiOX photocatalysts for practical application are summarized. In all, this review well underlies the innovative preparation of BiOX products for environment-related purposes.

Composites of Lignin-Based Biochar with BiOCl for Photocatalytic Water Treatment: RSM Studies for Process Optimization

“…It is well reported in the literature that bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX)-based materials are assumed as an emerging class of photo-active candidates for photocatalytic applications, due to their nano-scaled nature, their layered structure, and above all, their resilient absorption of visible light [ 70 , 71 ]. The main reported active species and mechanisms responsible for BiOX photocatalytic decomposition of MO can be seen in Figure 12 .…”

Sustainable Production of Layered Bismuth Oxyhalides for Photocatalytic H2 Production

“…Originating from raw materials, common bismuth compounds (e.g., Bi, Bi­(NO 3 ) 3 , NaBiO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , and BiX 3 ) and halide sources (e.g., NaX, KX, HX, or hexadecyltrimethylammonium halide salts, and ionic liquids) are used as reagents in a variety of synthetic methods toward BiOX materials . These methods include hydrolysis of common salts as well as molecular precursor pathways, being commonly coupled with hydrothermal/solvothermal and templated techniques, among others. − In this section, an overview of these approaches is provided, giving insights to the key compositional and structural benefits of each, as well as evaluating the sustainability of each production method.…”

Ionic liquid-mediated microstructure regulations of layered perovskite for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

“…(Yao et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2009). The layered-structured materials, especially Bi-based layered perovskites, (Hailili et al, 2022;Lv et al, 2022), have raised significant interest as a photocatalyst mainly due to the following beneficial features: 1) The BTO acquires a typical Aurivillius-type layered structure that is alternatively arranged with triple layers of [Bi 2 Ti 3 O 10 ] 2− sandwich and a fluorine-like [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers along the c axis direction; in such crystal structures the dipole effects and builtin-electric field occur upon variation of the illumination which is beneficial to the charge carrier transport; 2) the positively charged [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers and negatively charged counter slabs can endow internal static electronic field for the effective directional charge carrier separation; 3) the layered-structured materials are highly tunable and thus diverse microstructures and surface-interfaces can be created enabling the control of the diffusion distance and density of the photogenerated charge carriers; 4) surface-interface control (e.g., crystal facets, morphology, surface defects); in the layered photocatalysts was anticipated to optimize the photocatalytic process through the adjustment of the surface interactions which influence the probe molecule adsorption mode and thus the reaction pathway upon light illumination. Generally, BTO applied for pollutant degradation was synthesized at high temperatures of 400-1000 °C by a solid-state method (Yao et al, 2003).…”