A review on borehole instability in active shale formations: Interactions, mechanisms and inhibitors

Gholami, Raoof; Elochukwu, Henry; Fakhari, Nikoo; Sarmadivaleh, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.002

Cited by 209 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is generally believed that the low hydration energy and small ionic radius of K + ensure its embedding into the clay. SIAT and Ultrahib are able to enter the tetrahedral layer and compress the diffuse electric double layer of shale due to their small volume [5,7,8].…”

Section: Linear Swelling Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent decades, various compounds, such as simple inorganic monomeric amines, have been successfully employed as shale inhibitors in WBDFs. However, the temporary and low level of shale inhibition has limited their widespread application [5][6][7]. To overcome the performance-related shortcomings, some copolymers such as HPAM (Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide), hyperbranched polyglycerols, FA-367 (a zwitterionic polymer), PDADMAC (Polydimethyl allyl ammonium chloride) and polyamines have been investigated [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Inhibition Property and Mechanism of a Novel Low Molecular Weight Zwitterionic Copolymer for Improving Wellbore Stability

Slaný

Wang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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In this work, a novel low molecular weight zwitterionic copolymer for improving wellbore stability, which is expected to be an alternative to the current shale inhibitors, was obtained by copolymerization of tris hydroxyethyl allyl ammonium bromide (THAAB), 2-acrylamido-2- methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (AM), initiated by a redox initiation system in an aqueous solution. The copolymer, denoted as SX-1, was characterized by FT-IR, TGA-DSC, and GPC. Results demonstrated that the molecular weight of SX-1 was approximately 13,683 g/mol and it displayed temperature resistance up to 225 °C. Regarding the inhibition performance, evaluation experiments showed the hot rolling recovery of a Longmaxi shale sample in 2.0 wt % SX-1 solutions was up to 90.31% after hot rolling for 16 h at 120 °C. The Linear swelling height of Na-MMT artificial core in 2.0 wt % SX-1 solution was just 4.74 mm after 16 h. Methods including particle size analysis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM were utilized to study the inhibition mechanism of SX-1; results demonstrated that SX-1 had entered into the inner layer of sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and adsorbed on the inner surface, and the micro-structure of Na-MMT was successfully changed by SX-1. The particle size of Na-MMT in distilled water was 8.05 μm, and it was observed that its size had increased to 603 μm after the addition of 2.0 wt % of SX-1. Its superior properties make this novel low molecular weight copolymer promising for ensuring wellbore stability, particularly for high temperature wells.

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Section: Linear Swelling Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inhibition Property and Mechanism of a Novel Low Molecular Weight Zwitterionic Copolymer for Improving Wellbore Stability

Slaný

Wang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…The clays reactivity is mainly conferred by the presence of montmorillonite, which belongs to the smectites group and is the main constituent of bentonite rocks . The montmorillonite has the general formula Al 4 Si 47 O 20 (OH) 4⋅ n H 2 O being an aluminosilicate of lamellar or layered structure where each layer consists of two tetrahedral sheets intercalated by an octahedral sheet (t‐o‐t), the sheets being joined by common oxygen atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic starch derivatives as reactive shale inhibitors for water‐based drilling fluids

Cescon

Quartarone

Silva

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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One of the major problems associated with the use of water‐based drilling fluids is the interaction of water with specific rock formations, such as shales, and the consequent swelling of reactive clays that may be present in that type of rock. Several types of clays reactivity inhibitors have been used by the oil industry, and the most effective ones are the cationic polyelectrolytes, such as the poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). However, this polyelectrolyte is very toxic. In this work, a series of cationic starch derivatives with different cationic degrees were synthesized with the objective of evaluating their potential as environmentally correct shale reactivity inhibitors. The results showed that the synthesized derivatives presented a good capacity of adsorption on bentonite and an efficient inhibition of the shale reactivity. The derivative with an intermediate cationic degree presented the best performance. In the tests with the formulated fluids this derivative provided an intact cuttings recovery of 84.8% and a total recovery of 92.3%. These values are very close to those found for the PDADMAC additive, therefore indicating that this cationic starch derivative presents a good potential as inhibitor of the shale reactivity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46621.

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“…Authors of the publication (Gholami et al, 2018) define drilling muds based on glycol as "thermally activated mud emulsion" (TAME). This name refers to the mechanism of inhibitory affecting of polyglycol on active shale, which is released in the form of microdroplets under borehole conditions (temperature and salinity) and plays the role of a barrier that restricts the destructive water influence on formation.…”

Section: Theoretical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New shale hydration inhibitors adapted to the downhole conditions

Zima

Badawczy²

2019

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The subject of the paper is the application of polyol compounds as active shale formation hydration inhibitors in drilling muds as the result of permanent interest from the industry in the use of this type drilling mud systems. Due to opportunity of precise compounds selection ensuring optimum properties of the drilling mud under specific down hole conditions, new agents have been developed that work effectively in a wider temperature range experienced in borehole conditions. The paper describes laboratory research carried over polyols that haven't been used in drilling fluids technology yet but may ensure optimal inhibition properties in the wide temperature range. Compounds belongs to polyglycols category like ethylene oxide or copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with different molecular weight, are widely use so far. However, in the presented discussion other agents were used, which are products of ethoxylation and propoxylation of long-chain hydrocarbon fatty alcohols (10 and more carbon atoms). The main test that can prove drilling mud inhibitory properties is active shale dispersion investigation, routinely carried in ambient conditions. As part of the additional tests carried out, the influence of the inhibitors used on the active shale dispersion under elevated temperature conditions was determined in order to confirm the inhibitory properties of these agents in near-down hole conditions. Near down hole conditions test was also carried out on drilling muds containing polyols group compounds, ie resistance test to contamination with ions of divalent metals (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+), solid phase contamination (milled Miocene shale pretending drill cuttings) and increased temperature. Investigations were also carried out on clouding of polyol solutions in 7% KCl solution. The acquired results indicate that chemical compound presence of the hydrophobic chain derived from fatty alcohol in the molecule further increases the effectiveness of the rock hydration inhibitor. The results obtained during the study allowed for a better understanding of the inhibition mechanism of these agents on the active shale. The new rock hydration inhibitor developed as part of the work can be used in industrial conditions.

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A review on borehole instability in active shale formations: Interactions, mechanisms and inhibitors

Cited by 209 publications

References 52 publications

The Inhibition Property and Mechanism of a Novel Low Molecular Weight Zwitterionic Copolymer for Improving Wellbore Stability

The Inhibition Property and Mechanism of a Novel Low Molecular Weight Zwitterionic Copolymer for Improving Wellbore Stability

Cationic starch derivatives as reactive shale inhibitors for water‐based drilling fluids

New shale hydration inhibitors adapted to the downhole conditions

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