A Review on Calixarene Fluorescent Chemosensor Agents for Various Analytes

Abstract

Calixarenes are well-known supramolecular host molecules with versatile applications. Over the past decades, hundreds of selective and sensitive detections of several analytes have been reported by employing calixarenes as the chemosensor agent. The detection and quantification of metal ions and anions are crucial as heavy metal ions are harmful to living organisms, while monitoring anions is pivotal in the environmental samples. On the other hand, detecting and quantifying biomolecules and neutral molecules are critical due to their irreplaceable role in human health. In this review, we summarized the application of calixarenes as the supramolecular chemosensor agent for detecting metal ions, anions, biomolecules, and neutral molecules through fluorescent spectroscopy to give brief information on the design and development of the chemosensor field. This review updates the world with the application of calixarene derivatives as fluorescent chemosensors and challenges researchers to design and develop better chemosensor agents in the future.

Host-Guest Sensing Interactions of Calixarene-Entrapped Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using the Langmuir Technique

“…On the other hand, the neutral PABA molecule could be detected by calixarene through the formation of hydrogen bonding between PABA and phenoxy O atoms from calixarenes. These interactions are supported by the studies made by previous researchers regarding the interaction between calixarenes with ions and neutral molecules (De Leener et al, 2022;Fahmy et al, 2018;Pellegrini, 2011;Priyangga et al, 2022).…”

An overview of Schiff base-based fluorescent turn-on probes: a potential candidate for tracking live cell imaging of biologically active metal ions

“…However, many of them have low solubility, poor recognition sensitivity, and complex synthesis under extreme conditions. 36 As a result, there is always room for improvement in designing probes to overcome these constraints. Schiff bases or imines are one type of compound that has been highlighted in many fields of chemistry due to its ease of synthesis and structural modification.…”

Synthesis of Calix[4]resorcinarene Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents through Heme Polymerization Inhibition Assay

“…Priyangga et al [26] reported that calix [4] resorcinarenes could form a stable chelate complex with iron metal ions through their hydroxyl groups. On the other hand, Sari et al [19] reported that hydroxyl groups of calix [4]pyrogallolarenes interacted with iron center ion and carboxylic group of heme, thus inhibiting its polymerization process.…”