A review on catalysts for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reduction of N₂to ammonia

Abstract

The ammonia (NH3) synthesis industry is significant for many aspects of human progress and the global economy, especially in the fields of fertilizers, hydrocarbon-free energy carriers, and the production of...

Unprecedented Selective Synthesis of Imines by Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Primary Amines under N2O Atmosphere**

“…On the other hand, the imine is condensed with the amine (Scheme 2a, path A). In both routes, valuable ammonia as raw material, with application in fertilizers or as carrier compound for instance, [31] is concomitantly released. For the cross-coupling reactions between alcohols and amines (Scheme 2 b), the proposed mechanism is based on the formation of the aldehyde from the dehydrogenation of the alcohol, [23,32] with release of water and N 2 from N 2 O activation, [28] before a condensation step with the amine to form the final unsymmetric imine.…”

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction over gallium – a computational and experimental study

“…Several studies have focused on the design and development of cathode materials with higher activity towards the ENRR. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Using DFT calculations in conjunction with the computational hydrogen electrode model, Skúlason et al constructed a volcano plot of transition metal catalysts for the ENRR. Their investigation revealed Mo, Fe, Rh and Ru metals to have the most active surfaces for the ENRR but with a strongly competitive HER at cathodic potentials.…”

Tuning the Interfaces of ZnO/ZnCr2O4 Derived from Layered‐Double‐Hydroxide Precursors to Advance Nitrogen Photofixation

“…[9,10] However, this method accompanied by high energy consumption and carbon emission issues, has greatly hindered its sustainable future development. [11] Therefore, the search for an alternative pathway toward NH 3 synthesis using renewable energy has become a long-term goal. Harnessing clean solar energy as the driving force to enable nitrogen photofixation is an environmental-friendly and feasible synthetic route.…”

“…Industrially, Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch achieved a breakthrough in artificial ammonia synthesis using Fe‐based catalysts in 1913 [9,10] . However, this method accompanied by high energy consumption and carbon emission issues, has greatly hindered its sustainable future development [11] . Therefore, the search for an alternative pathway toward NH 3 synthesis using renewable energy has become a long‐term goal.…”